Module 4B: Axial Muscles Flashcards
How many muscles are in the neck?
1
What muscle is in the neck?
sternocleidomastoid
What is the OIA of the sternocleidomastoid
O: Clavicle, Sternum (from manubrium)
I: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
Action:
- lateral flexion of head and neck L or R
- Head rotation
- neck flexion (chin to chest)
How many muscles are in the trunk?
4
What are the muscles in the trunk?
- Iliocostalis (thoracic & lumbar)
- Longissium (thoracic & lumbar)
- Spinalis (thoracic & lumbar)
- Quadratus lumborum
What is the Origin and Insertion of the iliocostails, Longissium and Spinalis?
O: iliac crest, sacrum, lumbar and lower thoracic spinous process
I: ribs, transverse/spinous process of cervical/thoracic vertebrae
What is another name for the trunk muscles?
Erector spinae muscle group
What does pars thoracic entail?
these muscles have the greatest mechanical advantage due to having the longest moment arms
What does pars lumborum entail?
muscles can resist the forward movement of the trunk when we tip forward
What is the Origin and Insertion of the Quadratus lumborum?
O: iliac crest
I: inferior border of rib 12, L1-L4
Where is the Quadratus lumborum found?
deep to abdominal and erector spinae muscles
How many thorax muscles are there?
4
What are the muscles that make up the thorax?
- External intercostals
- Internal intercostals
- Innermost intercostals
- Diaphram
What is the Origin and Insertion of the External intercostals?
O: rib above (superior)
I: rib below (inferior)
What is the Origin and Insertion of the Internal intercostals?
O: rib above (superior)
I: rib below (inferior)
What is the Origin and Insertion of the Inner intercostals?
O: rib above (superior)
I: rib below (inferior)
What is the order superficial to Depp of the intercostal muscles?
SUPERFICIAL: external intercostals - internal intercostals - innermost intercostals : DEEP
Which directions do the muscle fibres of the external intercostal muscles go?
runs down and forward from rib above to rib below \
Which directions do the internal and innermost intercostal muscle fibres go?
runs up and back from rib below to rib above /
What is the Origin and Insertion of the Diaphragm?
O: lumbar vertebrae, inferior ribs, xiphoid process
I: central tendon
How many abdominal muscles are there?
4
What are the abdominal muscles?
- Rectus abdominis
- External obliques
- Internal obliques
- Transverse obliques
What are the 3 things abdominal muscles perform?
- trunk flexion
- antagonist to the erector spinal muscle group
- support trunk and protect organs
What is the Origin and Insertion of the rectus abdominis?
O: pubis bone
I: xiphoid process, lower ribs
- increases intra-abdominal pressure
The rectus abdominis is a ___ pack?
8 pack
What is the Origin and Insertion of the external obliques?
O: the outer surface of the ribs
I: linea alba, inguinal ligament
What is the Origin and Insertion of the internal obliques?
O: lumbar fascia, iliac crest
I: linea alba, lower ribs
What is the Origin and Insertion of the transverse obliques?
O: lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
I: linea alba
What is intra-abdominal pressure?
provides postural support and pushes abs in when contracting
What is the order superficial to Depp of the intercostal muscles?
SUPERFICIAL: external obliques, internal obliques, transverse obliques : DEEP
Which direction do the muscle fibres of the external obliques go?
fibres move down and forward /
Which direction do the muscle fibres of the internal obliques go?
fibres move down and backwards \
Which direction do the muscle fibres of the horizontal obliques go?
fibres run horizontally
Which 4 muscles cause back extension?
- illocostails
- longissium
- spinalis
- quadratus lumborum
What are the 4 muscles that cause lateral extension of the back
- illocostails
- longissium
- spinalis
- quadratus lumborum
Which 2 muscles cause inspiration?
- external intercostals
- diaphragm
Which 2 muscles cause expiration?
- internal intercostals
- inner most intercostals
Which 3 muscles cause trunk flexion?
- rectus abdominus
- external obliques
- internal obliques
Which 2 muscles cause lateral flexion and trunk rotation?
- external obliques
- internal obliques