Appendicular Skeleton Upper Flashcards
How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?
126
What makes up the pectoral/shoulder girdle?
- clavicle/collarbone
- scapula/shoulder blade
What does the shoulder girdle do?
- provides attachment for upper limbs
- provides muscle attachment
True of False
The scapula does NOT connect to the vertebral column?
True
What are the 8 bones in the right upper limb?
- clavicle
- scapula
- humerus
- radius
- ulna
- carpals
- metacarpals
- phalanges
Where does the clavicle attach?
- attaches to manubrium
and scapula
What view can we see clavicle attachment the best?
anterior view
What view can we best see the “S” shape in the clavicle?
superior view
What are the ends of the clavicle called?
- sternal end/medial end
(connects to sternum, the manubrium) (quadrangular in shape) - acromial end/lateral end
(connects to the acromion in the scapula) (flatter in shape)
clavicle is divided in how many parts?
thirds
Where is the weakest part of the clavicle?
- when it changes direction
- medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3
What are the landmarks of the clavicle?
- conoid tubercle
- attachement point for the coroclavicular ligament
- found on the inferior lateral end of the clavicle - Trapezoid line
- found on the inferior lateral end of the clavicle - impression for the costoclavicular ligament
- found on the inferior medial end of the clavicle
The scapula articulates with the humerus at what joint?
glenohumeral joint
The scapula articulates with the clavicle at what joint?
acromioclavicular joint
What are the categories of things found in the scapula and how many?
- 2 joints
- 3 processes
- 2 angles
- 3 borders
- 3 fossa
- 1 notch
- 1 cavity
- 2 tubercles
What can we see on the scapula from the anterior point of view? (11)
- acromion process
- coracoid process
- superior angle
- inferior angle
- lateral/axillary border
- superior border
- medial/vertebral border
- subscapular fossa
- scapular notch
- glenoid cavity
- infraglenoid tubercle
True or False
The subscapular fossa makes up majority of the anterior scapula?
True
What can we see on the scapula from the lateral point of view? (2 new, 2 clear, 4 old)
- spine
- supraglenoid tubercle
- lateral/axillary border
- glenoid cavity
- infraglenoid tubercle
- inferior angle
- coracoid process
- acromion process
What can we see on the scapula from the posterior point of view?
- all three process
- both angles
- 3 borders
- 2 fossa: supraspinous process and infraspinous process
- glenoid cavity
What is the best view to see the spine process of the scapula?
posterior view
How many bones are there in the upper limbs?
30
What dictates the arm?
shoulder-elbow
True or False?
The head of the humerus larger that the gelnoid cavity which it articulates with?
true
What dictates the forearm?
elbow - wrist
What is a common site for fracture in the humerus?
surgical neck
What are the landmarks on the upper half of the humerus bone?
- head
- anatomical neck
- surgical neck
- greater tubercle (lateral bump) (three large facets of tendon attachment, for rotator cuff muscles)
(i) superior facet - supraspinatus muscle
(ii) middle facet - infrapinatus muscle
(iii) inferior facet - teres minor muscle - lesser tubercle (anterior) (attaches to the subscapularis muscle)
- inter-tubercular sulcus/ groove/ bicipital sulcus (lies between the two tubercles) (continues inferioraly on the proximal shaft of the humerus)
What are the landmarks on the middle half of the humerus bone?
- radial groove
- deltoid tuberosity (bump on the lateral side)
What are the 7 landmarks on the lower half of the humerus bone?
- coronoid fossa (anterior)
- interacts with the coronoid on the ulna - radial fossa (anterior)
- interact with the head of the radius - Olecranon fossa (posterior)
-interacts with the olecranon on the ulna - Trochlea (medial)
- articulates with the ulna
- pulley shape that extends onto the posterior surface - Capitulum (lateral)
- articulates with the radius
- hemispherical in shape - Medial epicondyle
- Lateral epicondyle
What are the articular points on the condyle?
- capitulum
- trochlea
What is the forearm made of?
radius and ulna
Which forms most of the elbow joint with the humerus, the ulna or radius?
ulna
What is found on the ulna and where?
- olecranon (posterior)
- coronoid process (anterior)
- trochlear notch (anterior)
- radial notch (anterior)
- head (at the distal end)
- ulnar styloid process (medial)
What is found on the radius and where?
- head (proximal)
- neck
- radial tuberosity (anterior)
- ulnar notch
- radial styloid process (lateral side)
For the elbow joint:
in extension the olecranon (ulna) fits in what?
olecranon fossa (humerus)
For the elbow joint:
in flexion the coronoid process (ulna) fit in what?
in the coronoid fossa humerus
True or False
the ulna articulates with the trochlea of humerus and the radius articulates with the capitulum of humerus?
True
Elbow joints allow for what kinds of movements?
hinge movement aka flexion and extension
which joints allow for pronation and supination?
ulna-radius joints
What is the proximal radioulnar joint?
- between the ulna and radius at the proximal end
- loose (allows for pronation-supination)
- rotates at top so radius can cross over the ulna
What is the distal radioulnar joint?
- between the ulna and radius and the distal end
- head of radius crosses over
In anterior and anatomical position:
Name the carpools in order from proximal to distal
- Scaphoid (p)
- Lunate (p)
- Triquetrum (p)
- Pisiform (p)
- Trapezium (d)
- Trapezoid (d)
- Capitate (d)
- Hamate (d)
How many carpals do we have?
8
What does “Stop Letting Those People Touch The Cadavers Hand” stand for?
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
What is the wrist joints?
- Where the radius/ulna meet carpals
- Not within the carpals
How many metacarpals do we have?
5
which way do we name the metacarpals?
thumb to pinky
What makes up the metacarpals? order proximal to distal
- base
- shaft
- head
What do we call out fingers?
phalanges, phalanx
which digits have a middle phalanx?
digits 2-5
