Appendicular Skeleton Lower Flashcards
Pelvic Girdle is seen as a tru girdle in which view?
anterior superior view, because it makes a full ring when the pelvis is attached to the sacrum
The full ring of the pelvic girdle is made up of how many bones?
7
The pelvis is made up of how many bones?
6
What does the pelvic girdle do?
- attaches the lower limbs to the body
- provides areas for muscle attachment
- provides support and balance to out trunk
What are the bones of the pelvis?
- 2 ilium (ilia)
- 2 ischium
(ishcia) - 2 pubis
How many bones are there in the lower limbs?
8
What are the names of the bones in the lower limbs?
- hip bone / os coxae
- femur
- patella
- tibia
- fibula
- tarsals
- metatarsal
- phalanges
What are the landmarks on the illium?
- iliac crest (anterior)
- anterior superior iliac spine
- sacroiliac joints (articulates the sacrum to the ilium) (anterior)
- body of ilium (lateral)
- anterior inferior iliac spine (lateral)
- Greater sciatic notch (lateral)
- posterior superior iliac spine (lateral)
posterior inferior iliac spine (lateral) - gluteal lines anterior, posterior, inferior (lateral)
- iliac tuberosity (medial)
- auricular surface (medial)
What are the landmarks on the ischium?
- ischial tuberosity (anterior)
- body of ischium (lateral)
- lschical spine (lateral)
- ischial tuberosity (lateral)
- lesser sciatic notch (lateral)
- ramus of ischium (lateral)
What are the landmarks on the pubis?
- pubis symphysis (anterior)
- pubic tubercle (attachment of the inguinal ligament)
- pubic crest (anterior)
- pubic tubercle (lateral)
- superior ramus of pubis (lateral)
- inferior ramus of pubis (lateral)
What are the general (all together) landmarks of the pelvis?
- acetabulum (socket for head of femur)
- obturator foramen (big hole in the anterior aspect of the pelvis)
In what view can we see the acetabulum the best?
lateral view
Summary of true/lesser pelvis
- superior opening is pelvic brim, called pelvic inlet
- inferior opening is called pelvic outlet
In an Anterosuperior view:
the false pelvis borders, surroundings and contents are what?
- lumbar vertebrae posteriorly
- upper parts of hip bone laterally
- abdominal wall anteriorly
surrounds: lower abdomen
contents: superior part bladder, lower intestines and then for females (uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes)
In an Anterosuperior view:
the true pelvis borders, surroundings and contents are what?
- sacrum
- coccyx posteriorly
- inferior portions of ilium and ischium laterally
- pubic bones anteriorly
surronds: pelvic cavity
contents: rectum, bladder and then for females (vagina, cervix) and then for males (prostate gland)
What are the general sex differences between the female and male pelvis?
females have:
- light and thin structure
- shallow false pelvis
- wide/oval pelvic brim
- small acetabulum which faces anteriorly
- oval shaped obturator foramen
- pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees
males have:
- heavy and thick structure
- deep false pelvis
- narrow and heart-shaped pelvic brim
- large acetabulum that faces laterally
- round shaped obturator foramen
- pubic arch is less than 90 degrees
What are the general sex differences between the female and male hip bone?
females have:
- less curved iliac crest
- less vertical ilium
- wide greater sciatic notch (about 90 degrees)
- short and wider sacrum
males have:
- more curved iliac crest
- more vertical
- narrow greater sciatic notch (about 70 degrees, inverted v)
- longer and narrower sacrum
What are the general sex differences between the female and male in the pelvic outlet and ischial tuberosity?
females:
- wider pelvic outlet
- shorter, farther apart ischial tuberosity (more medially)
males:
- narrower pelvic outlet
- longer, closer together ischial tuberosity (more laterally)
What is the thigh entail to?
hip - knee
what is the leg entail to?
knee - ankle
whats the difference between trochanter and tubercle?
- trochanters are large bony projections for muscle attachment
What are the bones in the femur?
- head
- neck
- greater trochanters (lateral side)
- lesser trochanter (medial side)
- intertrochanteric line (anterior)
- intertrochanteric crest (posterior)
- gluteal tuberosity (posterior side) (raised surface)
- body/ shaft
- linea aspera (posterior)
- lateral epicondyles
- medial epicondyles
- lateral condyles (see best from the back)
- medial condyles (see best from the back)
- patella surface
- intercondylar fosa
- adductor tubercle
What kind of bone is the patella?
sesamoid bone
What are the characteristics of the patella?
- apex (pointing down to connect to tibia)
- broad base
What are the two bones that make up the leg?
- tibia (medial)
- fibula (lateral)
What is the membrane between the tibia and fibula?
interosseous membrane
True or False
The tibia articulates with the femur to make the knee joint
true
What are the landmarks of the tibia?
- medial condyle
- lateral condyle
- intercondylar eminence
- tibial tuberosity (anterior, below the knee joint)
- anterior border (anterior)
- medial malleolus
- fibular notch (posterior)
What are the landmarks of the fibula?
- head
- lateral malleolus (lateral side)
How many tibiofibular joints do we have? and what are they?
2
- superior tibiofibular joint
- inferior tibiofibular joint
(little to no movement, THERE FOR STABILITY NOT FLEXIBILITY)
True or False
The fibula is a non-weight barring bone?
True
What forms the ankle joint?
- tibia
- fibula
- talus
What are the three different ankle joints?
- tibiotalar joint
- fibulotalar joint
- inferior tibiofibular joint
Whats are the 7 tarsals? (These are considered bones of the foot)
Tall Centers Never Take Shots From Corners
- talus
- calcaneus
- navicular
- 3rd cuneiform (lateral)
- 2nd cuneiform (intermediate)
- 1st cuneiform (medial)
- cuboid (lateral side)
What is our big toe called?
Halex
