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Anatomy > Appendicular Skeleton Lower > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton Lower Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvic Girdle is seen as a tru girdle in which view?

A

anterior superior view, because it makes a full ring when the pelvis is attached to the sacrum

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2
Q

The full ring of the pelvic girdle is made up of how many bones?

A

7

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3
Q

The pelvis is made up of how many bones?

A

6

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4
Q

What does the pelvic girdle do?

A
  • attaches the lower limbs to the body
  • provides areas for muscle attachment
  • provides support and balance to out trunk
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4
Q

What are the bones of the pelvis?

A
  • 2 ilium (ilia)
  • 2 ischium
    (ishcia)
  • 2 pubis
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5
Q

How many bones are there in the lower limbs?

A

8

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6
Q

What are the names of the bones in the lower limbs?

A
  • hip bone / os coxae
  • femur
  • patella
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • tarsals
  • metatarsal
  • phalanges
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7
Q

What are the landmarks on the illium?

A
  • iliac crest (anterior)
  • anterior superior iliac spine
  • sacroiliac joints (articulates the sacrum to the ilium) (anterior)
  • body of ilium (lateral)
  • anterior inferior iliac spine (lateral)
  • Greater sciatic notch (lateral)
  • posterior superior iliac spine (lateral)
    posterior inferior iliac spine (lateral)
  • gluteal lines anterior, posterior, inferior (lateral)
  • iliac tuberosity (medial)
  • auricular surface (medial)
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8
Q

What are the landmarks on the ischium?

A
  • ischial tuberosity (anterior)
  • body of ischium (lateral)
  • lschical spine (lateral)
  • ischial tuberosity (lateral)
  • lesser sciatic notch (lateral)
  • ramus of ischium (lateral)
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9
Q

What are the landmarks on the pubis?

A
  • pubis symphysis (anterior)
  • pubic tubercle (attachment of the inguinal ligament)
  • pubic crest (anterior)
  • pubic tubercle (lateral)
  • superior ramus of pubis (lateral)
  • inferior ramus of pubis (lateral)
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10
Q

What are the general (all together) landmarks of the pelvis?

A
  • acetabulum (socket for head of femur)
  • obturator foramen (big hole in the anterior aspect of the pelvis)
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11
Q

In what view can we see the acetabulum the best?

A

lateral view

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12
Q

Summary of true/lesser pelvis

A
  • superior opening is pelvic brim, called pelvic inlet
  • inferior opening is called pelvic outlet
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13
Q

In an Anterosuperior view:
the false pelvis borders, surroundings and contents are what?

A
  • lumbar vertebrae posteriorly
  • upper parts of hip bone laterally
  • abdominal wall anteriorly

surrounds: lower abdomen
contents: superior part bladder, lower intestines and then for females (uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes)

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13
Q

In an Anterosuperior view:
the true pelvis borders, surroundings and contents are what?

A
  • sacrum
  • coccyx posteriorly
  • inferior portions of ilium and ischium laterally
  • pubic bones anteriorly

surronds: pelvic cavity
contents: rectum, bladder and then for females (vagina, cervix) and then for males (prostate gland)

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14
Q

What are the general sex differences between the female and male pelvis?

A

females have:
- light and thin structure
- shallow false pelvis
- wide/oval pelvic brim
- small acetabulum which faces anteriorly
- oval shaped obturator foramen
- pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees

males have:
- heavy and thick structure
- deep false pelvis
- narrow and heart-shaped pelvic brim
- large acetabulum that faces laterally
- round shaped obturator foramen
- pubic arch is less than 90 degrees

15
Q

What are the general sex differences between the female and male hip bone?

A

females have:
- less curved iliac crest
- less vertical ilium
- wide greater sciatic notch (about 90 degrees)
- short and wider sacrum

males have:
- more curved iliac crest
- more vertical
- narrow greater sciatic notch (about 70 degrees, inverted v)
- longer and narrower sacrum

16
Q

What are the general sex differences between the female and male in the pelvic outlet and ischial tuberosity?

A

females:
- wider pelvic outlet
- shorter, farther apart ischial tuberosity (more medially)

males:
- narrower pelvic outlet
- longer, closer together ischial tuberosity (more laterally)

17
Q

What is the thigh entail to?

A

hip - knee

18
Q

what is the leg entail to?

A

knee - ankle

19
Q

whats the difference between trochanter and tubercle?

A
  • trochanters are large bony projections for muscle attachment
20
Q

What are the bones in the femur?

A
  • head
  • neck
  • greater trochanters (lateral side)
  • lesser trochanter (medial side)
  • intertrochanteric line (anterior)
  • intertrochanteric crest (posterior)
  • gluteal tuberosity (posterior side) (raised surface)
  • body/ shaft
  • linea aspera (posterior)
  • lateral epicondyles
  • medial epicondyles
  • lateral condyles (see best from the back)
  • medial condyles (see best from the back)
  • patella surface
  • intercondylar fosa
  • adductor tubercle
21
Q

What kind of bone is the patella?

A

sesamoid bone

22
Q

What are the characteristics of the patella?

A
  • apex (pointing down to connect to tibia)
  • broad base
23
Q

What are the two bones that make up the leg?

A
  • tibia (medial)
  • fibula (lateral)
24
Q

What is the membrane between the tibia and fibula?

A

interosseous membrane

25
Q

True or False
The tibia articulates with the femur to make the knee joint

A

true

26
Q

What are the landmarks of the tibia?

A
  • medial condyle
  • lateral condyle
  • intercondylar eminence
  • tibial tuberosity (anterior, below the knee joint)
  • anterior border (anterior)
  • medial malleolus
  • fibular notch (posterior)
27
Q

What are the landmarks of the fibula?

A
  • head
  • lateral malleolus (lateral side)
28
Q

How many tibiofibular joints do we have? and what are they?

A

2
- superior tibiofibular joint
- inferior tibiofibular joint
(little to no movement, THERE FOR STABILITY NOT FLEXIBILITY)

29
Q

True or False
The fibula is a non-weight barring bone?

A

True

30
Q

What forms the ankle joint?

A
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • talus
31
Q

What are the three different ankle joints?

A
  1. tibiotalar joint
  2. fibulotalar joint
  3. inferior tibiofibular joint
32
Q

Whats are the 7 tarsals? (These are considered bones of the foot)
Tall Centers Never Take Shots From Corners

A
  • talus
  • calcaneus
  • navicular
  • 3rd cuneiform (lateral)
  • 2nd cuneiform (intermediate)
  • 1st cuneiform (medial)
  • cuboid (lateral side)
33
Q

What is our big toe called?

A

Halex

Anatomy (11 decks)

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