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Anatomy > Module 4C: Appendicular upper > Flashcards

Module 4C: Appendicular upper Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 different scapular movements?

A
  1. Elevation and depression
  2. Protraction and retraction
    - adduction and abduction
  3. Upward and Downward rotation
    - upward counterclockwise
    - downwards clockwise
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2
Q

What is the point of reference for rotation?

A

Glenoid cavity, pointing up = upwards, pointing down = downwards

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3
Q

How many muscles are in the shoulder girdle?

A

5

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4
Q

What are the 5 muscles in the shoulder girdle?

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Levator Scapulae
  3. Rhomboid major and minor
  4. Serratus anterior
  5. Pectoralis minor
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5
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Trapezius?

A

O: nuchal ligament, spines of the thoracic vertebrae, occipital bone

I: clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula

upward rotation of the scapula, depression (shoulder shrugs)

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6
Q

What is the Origin and insertion of the Levator Scapulae?

A

O: C1-C4 transverse processes

I: superior angle of the scapula

*elevates medial border of the scapula- shoulder shrug with trapezius: downward rotation of the scapula

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7
Q

What is the Origin and insertion of the Rhomboid major and minor?

A

O: spinous processes of C7-T5

I: medial border of scapula

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8
Q

What is the order of the second two trunk muscles from superior to inferior?

A

SUPERIOR: levator scapula- Rhomboid minor- Rhomboid major

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9
Q

What is the Origin and insertion of the Serratus anterior?

A

O: lateral surface of ribs 1-9

I: medial border of scapula, anterior surface

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10
Q

What is another name for the serratus anterior muscle?

A

boxers muscle

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11
Q

What is the Origin and insertion of the Pectoralis minor?

A

O: outer surface of ribs 2-5

I: coracoid process of scapula

Action:
- weak shoulder protraction

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12
Q

Where is the serratus anterior found?

A
  • just superficial to the ribs and intercostal muscles
  • muscle starts depp and moves superficially
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13
Q

What is scapular winging?

A

a rare condition where there is insufficient serratus anterior strength, endurance or function causing pain, discomfort and a wing-like shape sticking out of the back

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14
Q

How many muscles are in the shoulder joint?

A

5

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15
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the shoulder joint?

A
  1. Deltoid Spinal (posterior head)
  2. Deltoid Acromial (lateral head)
  3. Deltoid Clavicular (anterior head)
  4. Pectoralis major
  5. Latissimus Dorsi
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16
Q

What is the OIA of the Deltoid Spinal?

A

O: spine of scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action:
- extension of humerus

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17
Q

What is the OIA of the Deltoid Acromial?

A

O: acromion

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action:
- abduction of arm at shoulder

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18
Q

What is the OIA of the Deltoid Clavicular?

A

O: clavicle

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action:
- flexion of humerus

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19
Q

What is the OIA of the Pectoralis major?

A

O: medial clavicle, costal cartilage of ribs (1-6)

I: bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus

Action:
- flexion of arm at shoulder
- extension of a flexed arm
- horizontal flexion of arm

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20
Q

What is the OIA of the Latissium Dorsi?

A

O: posterior sacrum, lumbar vertebrae, lower thoracic vertebrae

I: bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus

Action:
- extension of arm at shoulder

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21
Q

How many muscles are a part of the rotator cuff?

A

4

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22
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres minor
  4. Subscapularis
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23
Q

What is the OIA of the Supraspinatus

A

O: supraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus

Action:
- provides strength and stability to the shoulder joint
- initiates arm abduction

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24
Q

What is the OIA of the Infraspinatus?

A

O: infraspinatus fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus

Action:
- provides strength to posterior component of the shoulder joint

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25
Q

What is the OIA of the Teres minor?

A

O: lateral border of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus, below infraspinatus

Action:
- provides posterior support to the shoulder joint

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26
Q

What is the OIA of the Subscapularis?

A

O: subscapular fossa of scapula

I: lesser tubercle of humerus

Action:
- provides posterior support to the shoulder capsule

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27
Q

How many muscles are there in the group of muscles that move the arm?

A

4

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28
Q

What are the 4 muscles in the group of muscles that move the arm?

A
  1. Teres major
  2. Bicep Brachii
  3. Triceps Brachii
  4. Coracobrachialis
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29
Q

What is the OIA of the Teres major?

A

O: lateral border of scapula

I: bicipital groove of humerus

Action:
- extension of arm

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30
Q

What is the OIA of the Bicep Brachii?

A

O:
- Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
- Short head: Coracoid process of scapula

I: radial tuberosity

Action:
- elbow supination
- flexion of the shoulder

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31
Q

What is the OIA of the Triceps Brachii?

A

O:
- Long: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
- Medial: posterior/medial aspect of the humerus
- Lateral: posterior/lateral aspect of humerus

I: olecranon process of ulna

Action:
- extension of elbow
- extension of arm at shoulder (Long head only)

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32
Q

What is the OIA of the Coracobrachialis?

A

O: coracoid process of scapula

I: media side of the shaft of humerus

Action:
- flexion of arm at the shoulder

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33
Q

How many muscles are a part of the elbow joint?

34
Q

What are the 2 muscles that are a part of the elbow joint?

A
  1. Brachialis
  2. Brachioradialis
35
Q

What is the OIA of the Brachialis?

A

O: anterior shaft of humerus

I: coronoid process of ulna, ulna tuberosity

36
Q

What is the OIA of the Brachioradialis?

A

O: shaft of humerus just above lateral epicondyle

I: styloid process of radius

37
Q

How many ANTERIOR superficial forearm muscles are there?

38
Q

What are the 4 ANTERIOR superficial forearm muscles?

A
  1. Pronator teres
  2. Palmaris longus
  3. Flexor carpi radialis
  4. Flexor carpi ulnaris
39
Q

What is the OIA of the pronator teres?

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus

I: lateral surface of radius

Action:
- pronates forearm

40
Q

What is the OIA of the Palmaris longus?

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus

I: palmer oponeurosis

41
Q

What is the OIA of the Flexor carpi radialis?

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus

I: base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Action:
- abduct wrist

42
Q

What is the OIA of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus, the upper part of the ulna

I: pisiform, the base of the 5th metacarpal

Action:
abduct wrist

43
Q

How many ANTERIOR intermediate forearm muscles are there?

44
Q

Name the intermediate forearm muscles

A

flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

45
Q

How many ANTERIOR deep forearm muscles are there?

46
Q

What are the 3 ANTERIOR deep forearm muscles?

A
  1. Flexor digitorum profundus
  2. Flexor pollicis longus
  3. Pronator quadratus
47
Q

What is the OIA of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

O: upper anterior ulna, interosseous membrane

I: distal phalanges (digits 2-5)

Action:
- flexion of distal “IP” joints
- flexion of MCP” joints

48
Q

What is the OIA of the Flexor pollicis longus?

A

O: anterior shaft of radius, interosseous membrane

I: distal phalanges of thumb

Action:
- Flexion of IP, CMC, MCP

49
Q

What is the OIA of the Pronator quadratus?

A

O: distal ulna

I: distal radius

Action:
- forearm pronation

50
Q

How many POSTERIOR superficial forearm muscles are there?

51
Q

What are the 4 POSTERIOR superficial forearm muscles?

A
  1. Extensor carpi radialis longus
  2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  3. Extensor digitorum
  4. Extensor carpi ulnaris
52
Q

What is the OIA of the Extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

O: above lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: base of the second metacarpals

Action:
- abducts wrist

53
Q

What is the OIA of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: base of third metacarpals

Action:
- abducts wrist

54
Q

What is the OIA of the Extensor digitorum?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: distal phalanx of D2-D5 via extensor expansion

Action:
- extension of finger
- extension of D2-D5

55
Q

What is the OIA of the Extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: base of fifth metacarpal

Action:
- adducts wrist

56
Q

How many POSTERIOR deep forearm muscles are there?

57
Q

What are the 6 POSTERIOR deep forearm muscles?

A
  1. Spinator
  2. Anconeus
  3. Abductor pollicis longus
  4. Extensor pollicis longus
  5. Extensor pollicis brevis
  6. Extensor Indicis
58
Q

What is the OIA of the supinator?

A

O: CEO, posterior radial notch of ulna

I: anterolateral radius, distal to radial tuberosity

Action:
- forearm supination

59
Q

What is the OIA of the Anconeus?

A

O: CEO

I: Olecranon

60
Q

What is the OIA of the Abductor pollicis longus?

A

O: posterior surface of radius and ulna, interosseous membrane

I: First metacarpal

Action:
- thumb abduction

61
Q

What is the OIA of the Extensor pollicis longus?

A

O: posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane

I: distal phalanx of thumb

Action:
- MCL/IP extension of thumb

62
Q

What is the OIA of the Extensor pollicis brevis?

A

O: posterior surface of the radius, interosseous membrane

I: proximal phalanx of thumb

Action:
- MCP extension of thumb

63
Q

What is the OIA of the Extensor Indicis?

A

O: posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane

I: distal phalanx of digit 2 via extensor expansion

Action:
- IP extension 2nd digit

64
Q

How many intrinsic muscles are there in the hand?

65
Q

What are the 5 intrinsic muscles in the hand?

A
  1. Thenar muscles group
  2. hypothenar muscle group
  3. Interossei- Palmer pictured
  4. Interossei- Dorsal pictured
  5. Lumbrical
66
Q

What does the Thenar muscles group do?

A
  • allows the thumb to oppose other digits
  • provides supplemental flexion/abduction of thumb
67
Q

Which 3 muscles are part of the Hypothenar muscles group do?

A
  1. opponens digiti minimi
  2. abductor digiti minimi
  3. flexor digiti minimi brevis
68
Q

Which 3 muscles are part of the Thenar muscles group do?

A
  1. opponens pollicis
  2. abductor pollicis brevis
  3. flexor pollicis brevis
69
Q

What does the Hypothenar muscles group do?

A
  • contributes to the movement of the little finger
  • important for graspi objects
70
Q

What is the OIA of the interossei- Palmer pictured?

A

O: shaft of metacarpal

I: extensor expansion

Action:
- adduction/abduction of digits

71
Q

What is the OIA of the interossei-Dorsal pictured?

A

O: shaft of metacarpal

I: extensor expansion

Action:
- adduction/abduction of digits

72
Q

What is the OIA of the Lumbrical?

A

O: tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

I: extensor expansion
(digits 2-5)

Action:
- flexion at MCP
- extension at IP (digits 2-5)

73
Q

Which 3 muscles cause lateral rotation of the humerus

A
  • deltoid spinal
  • infraspinatus
  • teres major
74
Q

Which 2 muscles cause ABduction of the humerus

A
  • deltoid spinal
  • deltoid clavicular
75
Q

Which 4 muscles cause ADDuction of the humerus?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • lattisium dorsi
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis
76
Q

Which 5 muscles cause medial rotation of the humerus?

A
  • deltoid clavicular
  • lattisum dorsi
  • pectoralis minor
  • subscapularis
  • teres major
77
Q

Which 7 muscles cause elbow flexion?

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • brachioradialis
  • pronator teres
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
78
Q

Which 5 muscles cause wrist flexion?

A
  • flexor digitorum profoundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
79
Q

Which 7 muscles cause wrist extension?

A
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor carpi ulnairs
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
  • abductor pollicis longus
80
Q

Which 8 muscles cause extension of the elbow?

A
  • supinator
  • anconeus
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor carpi ulnairs
  • olecranon
  • extensor indicis

Anatomy (11 decks)

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