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OCR A-LEVEL Biology > Module 4 : Section 3 - Classification Basics > Flashcards

Module 4 : Section 3 - Classification Basics Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do you classify

A

To help identify species
To predict characteristics
To find evolutionary links
To make the study of living things more manageable

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2
Q

How do you classify

A

Observable characteristics (gross and microscopic)
Biochemistry (DNA, Proteins, rRNA)

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3
Q

What is classification

A

The act of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities and differences.

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4
Q

What is taxonomy

A

The study of classification

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5
Q

How many levels are there in a taxonomic hierarchy

A

Eight levels called taxonomic groups

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6
Q

What are the three large groups called

A

Domains

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7
Q

How are similar organisms sorted

A

They are sorted into one of three domains

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8
Q

What is the level below domain

A

Kingdom

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9
Q

What is the level below kingdom

A

Phylum

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10
Q

What is the level below

A

Class

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11
Q

What is the level below class

A

Order

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12
Q

What is the level below order

A

Family

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13
Q

What is the level below family

A

Genus

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14
Q

What is the level below genus

A

Species

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15
Q

What type of naming system is used in classification

A

Binomial Naming system

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16
Q

What is every organism given in terms of naming

A

They are all given one internationally accepted scientific name in Latin that has two parts

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17
Q

What is the first part of the name called

A

A genus (always has a capital)

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18
Q

The second part of the name is called..

A

Species (always has a lower case)

19
Q

What does the binomial system help to avoid

A

Confusion of using common names

20
Q

What happens as you move down the taxonomic hierarchy

A

As you move down the hierarchy there are more groups at each level but fewer organisms in each group

21
Q

Species only contain……

A

One type of organism

22
Q

Organism can be placed into one of five …..

A

Kingdoms

23
Q

What are the five kingdom names

A

Prokaryotae
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

24
Q

Give an example of an organism in prokaryotae

A

Bacteria

25
Q

Give an example of an organism in protoctista

A

Algae, Protozoa

26
Q

Give an example of an organism in fungi

A

Moulds, yeasts, mushrooms

27
Q

Give an example of an organism in plantae

A

Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

28
Q

Give an example of an organism in animalia

A

Roundworms, molluscs, insects, fish, reptiles, birds, mammals

29
Q

What are the features of an organism in the prokaryotae kingdom

A

Prokaryotic, unicellular, no nucleus, less than 5 micrometers

30
Q

What are the features of an organism in the protoctista kingdom

A

Eukaryotic cells, usually live in water, single celled or simple multicellular organisms

31
Q

What are the features of an organism in the fungi kingdom

A

Eukaryotic, chitin cell wall, saprotrophic, single celled or multicellular organisms

32
Q

What are the features of an organism in the plantae kingdom

A

Eukaryotic
multicellular
cell walls made of cellulose
Can photosynthesise
Contain chlorophyll
Autotrophic

33
Q

What does saprotrophic mean

A

Can absorb substances from dead or decaying organisms

34
Q

What does autotrophic mean

A

They produce their own food

35
Q

What are the features of an organism in the animalia kingdom

A

Eukaryotic
Multicellular
No cell wall
Heterotrophic

36
Q

What does heterotrophic mean

A

It consumes plants and animals

37
Q

What is phylogeny

A

The study of the evolutionary history of groups of organisms

38
Q

What does phylogeny tell us

A

Who is related to whom and how closely related they are

39
Q

What have all organism evolved from

A

Shared common ancestors

40
Q

How can organism that have been evolved from shared ancestors be represented

A

In a phylogenetic tree

41
Q

What does the phylogenetic tree show

A

The relationships between members of the hominidae family (great apes and humans)

42
Q

In a phylogenetic tree what does the first branch off point represent

A

A common ancestor of all the family members

43
Q

The common ancestor of all the family members is…

A

Now extinct

44
Q

After the first branch point what do the following branch points represent what

A

Another common ancestor from which a different group diverged

OCR A-LEVEL Biology (48 decks)

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