Module 4 : Section 3 - Classification Basics Flashcards
Why do you classify
To help identify species
To predict characteristics
To find evolutionary links
To make the study of living things more manageable
How do you classify
Observable characteristics (gross and microscopic)
Biochemistry (DNA, Proteins, rRNA)
What is classification
The act of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities and differences.
What is taxonomy
The study of classification
How many levels are there in a taxonomic hierarchy
Eight levels called taxonomic groups
What are the three large groups called
Domains
How are similar organisms sorted
They are sorted into one of three domains
What is the level below domain
Kingdom
What is the level below kingdom
Phylum
What is the level below
Class
What is the level below class
Order
What is the level below order
Family
What is the level below family
Genus
What is the level below genus
Species
What type of naming system is used in classification
Binomial Naming system
What is every organism given in terms of naming
They are all given one internationally accepted scientific name in Latin that has two parts
What is the first part of the name called
A genus (always has a capital)
The second part of the name is called..
Species (always has a lower case)
What does the binomial system help to avoid
Confusion of using common names
What happens as you move down the taxonomic hierarchy
As you move down the hierarchy there are more groups at each level but fewer organisms in each group
Species only contain……
One type of organism
Organism can be placed into one of five …..
Kingdoms
What are the five kingdom names
Prokaryotae
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Give an example of an organism in prokaryotae
Bacteria
Give an example of an organism in protoctista
Algae, Protozoa
Give an example of an organism in fungi
Moulds, yeasts, mushrooms
Give an example of an organism in plantae
Mosses, ferns, flowering plants
Give an example of an organism in animalia
Roundworms, molluscs, insects, fish, reptiles, birds, mammals
What are the features of an organism in the prokaryotae kingdom
Prokaryotic, unicellular, no nucleus, less than 5 micrometers
What are the features of an organism in the protoctista kingdom
Eukaryotic cells, usually live in water, single celled or simple multicellular organisms
What are the features of an organism in the fungi kingdom
Eukaryotic, chitin cell wall, saprotrophic, single celled or multicellular organisms
What are the features of an organism in the plantae kingdom
Eukaryotic
multicellular
cell walls made of cellulose
Can photosynthesise
Contain chlorophyll
Autotrophic
What does saprotrophic mean
Can absorb substances from dead or decaying organisms
What does autotrophic mean
They produce their own food
What are the features of an organism in the animalia kingdom
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
No cell wall
Heterotrophic
What does heterotrophic mean
It consumes plants and animals
What is phylogeny
The study of the evolutionary history of groups of organisms
What does phylogeny tell us
Who is related to whom and how closely related they are
What have all organism evolved from
Shared common ancestors
How can organism that have been evolved from shared ancestors be represented
In a phylogenetic tree
What does the phylogenetic tree show
The relationships between members of the hominidae family (great apes and humans)
In a phylogenetic tree what does the first branch off point represent
A common ancestor of all the family members
The common ancestor of all the family members is…
Now extinct
After the first branch point what do the following branch points represent what
Another common ancestor from which a different group diverged
