Module 2 Section 2 - Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are carbohydrates

Answer 1

Polymers

Question 2

What is a polymer

Answer 2

A molecule made up of many similar smaller molecules called monomers bonded together

Question 3

Monomers make up carbohydrates called

Answer 3

Monosaccharides

Question 4

Give an example of a monosaccharide

Answer 4

Glucose with six carbon atoms

Question 5

What is the special term for glucose as a monosaccharide

Answer 5

It is a hexose monosaccharide

Question 6

How does glucose’s structure related to its function

Answer 6

The structure makes it soluble meaning it can be easily transported
The structure allows chemical bonds to contain lots of energy

Question 7

What is Ribose

Answer 7

A pentose monosaccharide

Question 8

What three elements are in all carbohydrates

Answer 8

Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Question 9

What are monosaccharide joined together by

Answer 9

Glycosidic bonds

Question 10

During synthesis of a disaccharide or polysaccharide, why is it called a condensation reaction

Answer 10

Because the reaction releases a molecule of water as the hydrogen atom on one monosaccharide bonds to hydroxyl group on the other monosaccharide

Question 11

What is a disaccharide

Answer 11

When two monosaccharides join together

Question 12

What is a polysaccharide

Answer 12

When more than two monosaccharides join together

Question 13

what are the three polysaccharrides we need to know

Answer 13

starch
glycogen
cellulose

Question 14

where do cells get energy from

Answer 14

glucose

Question 15

what do plants store excess glucose as

Answer 15

starch

Question 16

what is starch a mixture of

Answer 16

two polysaccharides of alpha-glucose called amylose and amylopectin

Question 17

what is amylose

Answer 17

a long unbranched chain of alpha-glucose

Question 18

the angles of the glycosidic bonds make amylose …….

Answer 18

a coiled structure, this makes it compact so it is really good for storage

Question 19

what is amylopectin

Answer 19

a long branched chain of alpha glucose

Question 20

what do the side branches allow amylopectin to do

Answer 20

allows the enzymes that break down the molecule to get at the glycosidic bonds easily, this means glucose can be released quickly

Question 21

why is starch insoluble

Answer 21

so it doesn’t cause water to enter cells by osmosis which would make them swell. this makes it good for storage

Question 22

starch is….

Answer 22

the main energy storage material in plants

Question 23

glycogen is…..

Answer 23

the main energy storage material in animals

Question 24

where do animals get their energy from …..

Answer 24

glucose, however excess glucose is stored as glycogen

Question 25

glycogen has a similar structure to what

Answer 25

amylopectin, however it has more side branches - this means that stored glucose can be released quickly

Question 26

why is glycogen good for storage

Answer 26

because it is a very compact molecule

Question 27

cellulose is…..

Answer 27

the major component of cell walls in plants

Question 28

what is cellulose made of

Answer 28

long, unbranched chains of beta glucose

Question 29

what happens when beta glucose bond

Answer 29

they form straight cellulose chains

Question 30

what are the cellulose chains linked together by

Answer 30

hydrogen bonds to form strong fibres called microfibrils - this means cellulose provides structural support for cells

Question 31

during synthesis of a disaccharide or polysaccharide, why is the reverse reaction called a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 31

because the water reacts with the glycosidic bond to break it apart