Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OCR A-LEVEL Biology > Module 4 : Section 1 - Pathogens and Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Module 4 : Section 1 - Pathogens and Communicable Diseases Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a disease

A

A condition that impairs the normal functioning of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who can get diseases

A

Plants and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What organism causes a disease

A

Pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What types of pathogen are there

A
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • viruses
  • protoctista
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a communicable disease

A

A disease that can be spread between organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of pathogen causes Tuberculosis (TB)

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of pathogen causes Bacterial meningitis

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of pathogen causes ring rot

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of pathogen causes HIV/AIDS

A

Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of pathogen causes Influenza

A

Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of pathogen causes tobacco mosaic virus

A

Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of pathogen causes Black Sigatoka

A

Fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of pathogen causes ringworm

A

Fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of pathogen causes athletes foot

A

Fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of pathogen causes potato/tomato late blight

A

Protoctist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of pathogen causes malaria

A

Protocists

17
Q

Who does Tuberculosis affect

A
  • animals
  • typically humans
  • cattle
18
Q

Who does Bacterial meningitis affect

A
  • Humans
19
Q

Who does ring rot affect

A
  • potatoes
  • tomatoes
20
Q

Who does HIV/AIDS affect

A
  • humans
21
Q

Who does Influenza affect

A
  • animals
  • humans
22
Q

Who does tobacco mosaic virus affect

A
  • Plants
23
Q

Who does black Sigatoka affect

A

Banana plants

24
Q

Who does ringworm affect

A
  • Cattle
25
Q

Who does athletes foot affect

A
  • Humans
26
Q

Who does potato/tomato late blight affect

A
  • Potatoes
  • Tomatoes
27
Q

Who does malaria affect

A
  • animals
  • humans
28
Q

How can communicable diseases be transmitted

A
  • Directly
  • Indirectly
29
Q

What is direct transmission

A
  • when a disease is transmitted directly from one organism to another
  • can happen in several ways:
  • e.g. droplet infection, sexual intercourse, or touching an infection organism
30
Q

What does droplet infection refer to

A
  • coughing or sneezing tiny droplets of mucus or saliva directly into someone
31
Q

Give examples of diseases being transmitted directly

A
  • HIV can be transmitted directly between humans via sexual intercourse
  • Athletes foot can be spread via touch
32
Q

What is indirect transmission

A
  • when a disease is transmitted from one organism to another via an intermediate
33
Q

Give examples of intermediates

A
  • air
  • water
  • or another organism (known as a vector)
34
Q

Give examples of diseases being transmitted indirectly

A
  • potato/tomato late blight is spread when spores are carried between plants first in air then water
  • malaria is spread between humans via mosquitos.
  • mosquitos act as vectors, they didn’t cause malaria themselves they just spread the protocista that causes it
35
Q

What affects disease transmission

A
  • Living conditions
  • climate
  • social factors
36
Q

How do living conditions affect disease transmission

A
  • the amount of people living in a certain area can increase or decrease the transmission of disease
37
Q

Give an example of how diseases transmission may be affected by living conditions

A
  • TB is spread directly through droplet infection
  • also spread indirectly because the bacteria can remain in the air for long periods of time and infect new people
  • the risk of TB infection is increased when lots of people live crowded together in a small space
38
Q

Give examples of how social factors affect the transmission of disease

A

The risk of HIV infection is high in places where there’s limited access to:
- good healthcare, people less likely to be diagnosed and treated, most effective drug likely isn’t available, so the virus is more likely to be passed on to others
- good health education, to inform people about how HIV is transmitted and how it can be avoided, e.g. through safe-sex practices like using condoms

OCR A-LEVEL Biology (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions