Module 3 Section 2 - Circulatory Systems Flashcards
How do single celled organisms get substances they need
By diffusion through their outer membrane
Why is it hard for multicellular organisms to supply cells with the substances needed
-relatively big
-low surface area
-high metabolic demand
What do multicellular organisms have that supply every cell with what it needs
Transport systems
What is the transport system in mammals
The circulatory system - uses blood to carry substances such as glucose and oxygen around the body
What type of circulatory system does fish have
Single circulatory system
What type of circulatory system does mammals have
Double circulatory system
What is a single circulatory system
A circulatory system where blood only passes through the heart once for each complete circuit of the body
What is a double circulatory system
A circulatory system where the blood passes through the heart twice for each complete circuit of the body
What is the pathway of blood in fish
Heart - gill - rest of the body
In mammals the heart is divided….
Down the middle (left and right side of heart)
The right side of the heart pumps blood where
To the lung to pick up oxygen
Where does blood travel after picking up oxygen in the lungs
Travels to the left side of the heart which pumps it to the rest of the body
When blood returns to the heart which side does it enter
The right side
What type of blood does the right side of the heart handle
Deoxygenated blood
What type of blood does the left side of the heart handle
Oxygenated blood
What is the system called that sends blood to the lungs
Pulmonary systen
What is the system called which send blood to the rest of the body
Systemic system
Give an advantage of double circulatory system
Blood travels faster, so oxygen is delivered to the respiring tissues more quickly, this is because the heart can give an extra push between the lungs and rest of the body
Circulatory systems can either be…
Open or closed
What circulatory system do vertebrates have
Closed circulatory system
What is a closed circulatory system
Where the blood is enclosed inside blood vessels
What does the heart pump blood into
Arteries
What do the arteries branch out to
Millions of capillaries
What do substances like oxygen and glucose diffuse from
substances like oxygen and glucose diffuse from blood in capillaries into body cells - but the blood stays inside the blood vessels as it circulates
What do veins do
Take blood back to the heart
What circulatory system do some invertebrates have
An open circulatory system
What is an open circulatory system
Blood isn’t enclosed in blood vessels all the time, instead it flows freely through the body cavity
In open circulatory systems in invertebrates, the heart is said to be…
Segmented
How does the segmented heart contract (in some invertebrates)
In a wave - starting from the back, pumping blood into a single main artery
What does the artery open up into (in some invertebrates)
The body cavity
How does the blood flow in the insects body (in some invertebrates)
The blood flows around the insects organs gradually making its way back into the heart segment through a series of valves
What does the circulatory system in the insect’s cells supply (in some invertebrates)
Supplies the insect’s cells with nutrients and transports things like hormones. But not oxygen (transported by the tracheal system in insects)
