Module 2 Section 3 - Nucelotides Flashcards
what is a nucelotide
a type of biological molecule which contains:
-pentose sugar
-nitrogenous base
-phosphate group
all nucelotides contain what elements
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
phosphorus
why are nucleotide important
-monomers that make up DNA and RNA
give an example of a nucleotide
ADP and ATP
what is the pentose sugar in a DNA molecule called
deoxyribose
what does DNA stand for
deoxyribonucleic acid
each DNA nucleotide has the same what
the same sugar and phosphate group
what varys on each DNA nucleotide
the base
what are the four possible bases
A T C G
what does a stand for (base)
adenine
what does T stand for (base)
thymine
what does C stand for (base)
cytosine
what does G stand for (base)
guanine
what bases are called purine
adenine and guanine
what bases are called pyrimidine
cytosine and thymine
what is purine
base that contains 2 carbon-nitrogen rings joined together
what is pyrimidine
a base that only has one carbon nitrogen ring
what is smaller a purine base or pyrimidine base
pyrimidine bases
a molecule of DNA contain two …
polynucleotide chains
the sugar in RNA is called ….
ribose
what does RNA stand for
ribonucleic acid
RNA contains nucleotide with a…
ribose sugar
like DNA, an RNA nucleotide contains …
phosphate group and one of the four bases
in RNA a pyrimidine base is replaced, what is being replaced with what
uracil (U) replaces thymine as a base
an RNA molecule is made of a ……
single polynucleotide chain
ADP and ATP are
Phosphorylated nucleotides
what do you add to make a phosphorylated nucelotide
you add one or more phosphate groups to it
ADP and ATP contain the base what
adenine
ADP and ATP contain the sugar what
ribose
how many phosphate groups does ADP have
2 phosphate groups
how many phosphate groups does ATP have
3 phosphate groups
what does ATP provide
energy for chemical reactions in the cell
how is ATP syntheisised
synthesised from ADP and inorganic phosphate using energy from an energy releasing reaction
where is the energy stored in the nucleotide
in the phosphate bond
when energy is needed what happens to ATP
it is broken back down to ADP and inorganic phosphate
