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OCR A-LEVEL Biology > Module 2 Section 3 - Nucelotides > Flashcards

Module 2 Section 3 - Nucelotides Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a nucelotide

A

a type of biological molecule which contains:
-pentose sugar
-nitrogenous base
-phosphate group

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2
Q

all nucelotides contain what elements

A

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
phosphorus

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3
Q

why are nucleotide important

A

-monomers that make up DNA and RNA

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4
Q

give an example of a nucleotide

A

ADP and ATP

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5
Q

what is the pentose sugar in a DNA molecule called

A

deoxyribose

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6
Q

what does DNA stand for

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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7
Q

each DNA nucleotide has the same what

A

the same sugar and phosphate group

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8
Q

what varys on each DNA nucleotide

A

the base

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9
Q

what are the four possible bases

A

A T C G

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10
Q

what does a stand for (base)

A

adenine

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11
Q

what does T stand for (base)

A

thymine

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12
Q

what does C stand for (base)

A

cytosine

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13
Q

what does G stand for (base)

A

guanine

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14
Q

what bases are called purine

A

adenine and guanine

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15
Q

what bases are called pyrimidine

A

cytosine and thymine

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16
Q

what is purine

A

base that contains 2 carbon-nitrogen rings joined together

17
Q

what is pyrimidine

A

a base that only has one carbon nitrogen ring

18
Q

what is smaller a purine base or pyrimidine base

A

pyrimidine bases

19
Q

a molecule of DNA contain two …

A

polynucleotide chains

20
Q

the sugar in RNA is called ….

A

ribose

21
Q

what does RNA stand for

A

ribonucleic acid

22
Q

RNA contains nucleotide with a…

A

ribose sugar

23
Q

like DNA, an RNA nucleotide contains …

A

phosphate group and one of the four bases

24
Q

in RNA a pyrimidine base is replaced, what is being replaced with what

A

uracil (U) replaces thymine as a base

25
Q

an RNA molecule is made of a ……

A

single polynucleotide chain

26
Q

ADP and ATP are

A

Phosphorylated nucleotides

27
Q

what do you add to make a phosphorylated nucelotide

A

you add one or more phosphate groups to it

28
Q

ADP and ATP contain the base what

A

adenine

29
Q

ADP and ATP contain the sugar what

A

ribose

30
Q

how many phosphate groups does ADP have

A

2 phosphate groups

31
Q

how many phosphate groups does ATP have

A

3 phosphate groups

32
Q

what does ATP provide

A

energy for chemical reactions in the cell

33
Q

how is ATP syntheisised

A

synthesised from ADP and inorganic phosphate using energy from an energy releasing reaction

34
Q

where is the energy stored in the nucleotide

A

in the phosphate bond

35
Q

when energy is needed what happens to ATP

A

it is broken back down to ADP and inorganic phosphate

OCR A-LEVEL Biology (48 decks)

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