Module 3 Section 2 - Blood Vessels

Question 1

What are the 5 types of blood vessels you need to know

Answer 1

Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins

Question 2

What do the arteries carry

Answer 2

Blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 3

What is said about the structure of the artery

Answer 3

Thick muscular walls
Elastic tissue
Inner lining (endothelium) is folded
Narrow lumen

Question 4

What type of blood do arteries carry

Answer 4

All carry oxygenated blood with the exception of pulmonary arteries which take deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 5

What is the purpose of the thick and muscular walls and elastic tissue

Answer 5

To stretch and recoil as the heart beats, which helps maintain high pressure

Question 6

What is the purpose of the endothelium being folded

Answer 6

Allows artery to expand - helps it maintain high pressure

Question 7

What do arteries branch into

Answer 7

Arterioles

Question 8

Arterioles are…

Answer 8

Smaller than artieries

Question 9

What is the structure of an arteriole

Answer 9

Layer of smooth muscle but less elastic tissue

Question 10

What is the purpose of smooth muscle for Arterioles

Answer 10

The smooth muscle allows them to expand or contract thus controlling the amount of blood flowing to tissues

Question 11

What do Arterioles branch into

Answer 11

Capillaries

Question 12

Capillaries are….

Answer 12

The smallest blood vessel

Question 13

What are examples of substances that get exchanged between cells and capillaries

Answer 13

Glucose and oxygen

Question 14

Capillaries have been adapted for

Answer 14

Efficient diffusion e.g. their wall are only one cell thick

Question 15

What do capillaries connect to

Answer 15

Venules

Question 16

What is the structure of the Venule’s walls

Answer 16

Thin walls that contain some muscle cells

Question 17

What do Venules join together to form

Answer 17

Veins

Question 18

What do veins carry

Answer 18

Blood back to the heart

Question 19

Under what pressure do veins take blood back to the heart

Answer 19

Low pressure

Question 20

What is the structure of veins

Answer 20

Wider lumen
Very little elastic tissue or muscle tissue
Contains valves

Question 21

What type of blood do veins carry

Answer 21

All veins carry deoxygenated blood with the exception of pulmonary veins which take oxygenated blood from lungs back to the heart

Question 22

What is the purpose of the valves

Answer 22

To prevent the back flow of blood

Question 23

Blood flowing through the veins is helped by what

Answer 23

The contraction of body muscles surrounding them

Question 24

What surrounds the cells in tissues

Answer 24

Tissue fluid

Question 25

What is tissue fluid made from

Answer 25

Substance that leave the blood plasma e.g. oxygen, water and nutrients

Question 26

Cells take in oxygen and nutrients from where

Answer 26

The tissue fluid

Question 27

Where do cells release metabolic waste

Answer 27

Into the tissue fluid

Question 28

How do substances move out the capillaries into the tissue fluid in a capillary bed

Answer 28

By pressure filtration

Question 29

What is the first stage of the formation of tissue fluid by pressure filtration

Answer 29

At the start of the capillary bed, nearest arteries, hydrostatic pressure inside capillaries is greater than the hydrostatic pressure in the tissue fluid. The difference in hydrostatic pressure forces fluid out of the capillaries and into the spaces around the cells

Question 30

What happens in the second stage of the formation of tissue fluid by pressure filtration

Answer 30

As fluid leaves the hydrostatic pressure reduces in the capillaries - so the hydrostatic pressure is much lower at the end of the capillary bed that’s nearest to the Venules

Question 31

What happens in the third stage of the formation of tissue fluid by pressure filtration

Answer 31

Another form of pressure is at work called oncotic pressure - this is generate by plasma proteins present in capillaries which lower the water potential. At the venule end of the capillary bed the water potential in the capillaries is lower than water potential in the tissue fluid due to the fluid loss and high oncotic pressure. This means water re enters capillaries from the tissue fluid at the venule end by osmosis

Question 32

Where does excess fluid drain into

Answer 32

Lymph vessels

Question 33

What are the smallest lymph vessels called

Answer 33

Lymph capillaries

Question 34

Where does excess tissue fluid pass into

Answer 34

Lymph vessels, once inside it’s called lymph

Question 35

What prevents the lymph in lymph vessels from going backwards

Answer 35

Valves

Question 36

Where is the main lymph vessels located

Answer 36

In the thorax (chest cavity)

Question 37

Where does the lymph gradually move to

Answer 37

Main lymph vessels in the thorax

Question 38

When the lymph reaches the main lymph vessels what happens

Answer 38

The lymph is returned to the blood near the heart

Question 39

Is red blood cells present in blood

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Are white blood cells present in blood

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

Are platelets present in blood

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

Are proteins present in blood

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

Is water present in blood

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

Are dissolved solutes present in blood

Answer 44

Yes

Question 45

Are red blood cells present in tissue fluid

Answer 45

No

Question 46

Are white blood cells present in tissue fluid

Answer 46

Very few

Question 47

Are platelets present in tissue fluid

Answer 47

No

Question 48

Are proteins present in tissue fluid

Answer 48

Very few

Question 49

Is water present in tissue fluid

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

Is dissolved solutes present in tissue fluid

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

Are red blood cells found in lymph

Answer 51

No

Question 52

Are white blood cells found in lymph

Answer 52

Yes

Question 53

Are platelets found in lymph

Answer 53

No

Question 54

Are proteins found in lymph

Answer 54

Only antibodies

Question 55

Is water found in lymph

Answer 55

Yes

Question 56

Are dissolved solutes found in lymp

Answer 56

Yes

Question 57

What is meant by dissolved solutes

Answer 57

Salt

Question 58

What has a higher water potential than blood

Answer 58

Tissue fluid and lymph

Question 59

When are platelets found in tissue fluid

Answer 59

If the capillaries are damaged

Question 60

When do most white blood cell enter tissue fluid

Answer 60

When there is an infection