Module 4: Nutrition Flashcards
Organic
obtained from living things; not made with artifical chemicals
Inorganic
made from or containing material that does NOT come from living things
Thermoregulation
control or maintenance of body temp
Cholesterol
essential substance in body increase adversely w/ongoing fat intake/block blood flow through blood vessels, causing impairment
heart, blood vessel, brain function
Digestion
process by which gastrointestinal system breaks down foods to gradually smaller components to prep nutrients for absorption
Calories
unit provides measurement for energy; amount of heat it takes to raise temp of 1kg of water 1* C
kilocalorie
Basal Metabolism
amount of energy necessary for maintaining life-sustaining activities for specific period of time
Obese
body mass index of 30 or greater
Diarrhea
frequent passage of loose, watery bowel movements
Hyponatremia
low level of sodium in blood
Proteins
amino acids
(essential body can’t produce, nonessential body makes, conditional are not essential until needed)
4 calories each gram
muscle
Carbohydrates
simple or complex
glucose
Fats
lipids
Source of Back Up Energy
Fiber
Helps Aid Digestion
cannot digest
Vitamin A
retinol
Night Vision, Cell Growth/Skin/Mucous Membranes
milk fat, meat, butter, leafy veggies, egg yolks, fish oil, oranges
Vitamin B1
thiamine
carbohydrate metabolism heart, nerve, muscle function
grains, meat, legumes, nuts, seeds, yeast, rice
Vitamin B2
riboflavin
fat/protein metabolism
organ meat, dairy products, fortified grains, green leafy veggies, egss
Vitamin B3
niacin
carbs/fat metabolism
fish, meat, poultry, fortified grains
Vitamin B6
pyridoxine
enzyme assistance in amino acid synthesis
fish, meat, poultry, grains, nuts, beans, legumes, avocados, bananas, prunes
Vitamin B12
cobalamins
protein/fat metabolism nerve-cell maintenance cell development
meats, seafood, dairy products, eggs, molasses, yeast
Biotin
carbs, protein, fat metabolism
liver, cereals, grains, yeast, legumes
Vitamin C
asorbic acid
immunity, iron absorption, structure of bones, muscle, blood vessels
berries, citrus fruits, green peppers, mangoes, broccoli, potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes
Vitamin D
calciferol
calcium absorption bone/toth structure support of heart/nerve function
sunlight, fortified milk, eggs, fish, butter, liver
Vitamin E
protection of cells from destruction formation of blood cells
fortified cereal, nuts, veggie oil, green leafy veggies
Folate
maintenance of red blood cells genetic material development
liver, green leafy veggies, beans, asparagus, legumes, some fruits
Vitamin K
normal blood clotting, bone growth
green leafy veggies, dairy/grain products, meat, eggs, fruit
Pantothenic Acid
release of energy from carbs/fats
meat. grains, legumes, fruits, veggies
Minerals
Calcium
bone/tooth development, nerve/muscle function, normal blood clotting
dairy products, green leafy veggies, broccoli, kale, almonds, fortified cereal
Minerals
Magnesium
carbs/protein metabolism, muscle contraction/structure
legumes, nuts, bananas, whole grains, green leafy veggies
Minerals
Phosphorus
formation/maintenance of bones/teeth energy production
meat, fish, dairy products, eggs, legumes, whole grains, carbonated bev
Minerals
Potassium
muscle contraction, fluid balance, nerve, muscle, and heart function
bananas, raisins, oranges, veggies, meat, dairy products, legumes, molasses, peanut buter, potatoes
Minerals
Sodium
fluid balance, glucose transport, acid-base balance, muscle/nerve function
salt
Minerals
Iron
formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells for oxygen transport contributor to enzymes/protein
meat, fortified cereals, green leafy veggies, molasses, legumes, dried fruit
type 2 diabetes mellitus
disorder to little insulin
diet, exercise, oral meds, injections
Fruit Consumption
2-3 = 1 cup
4-8 = 1-1 1/2 cup
9-13 = 1 1/2 cup
14-18 = 2 cups
19-Up = 2 cups
Veggie Consumption
2-3 = 1 cup
4-8 = 1-1 1/2 cup
9-13 = 2-1 1/2 cup
14-18 = 2 1/2-3 cups
19-Up = 3 cups
Anorexia Nervosa
self-starvation, perfectionism, extreme sensitivity to crtiticism, excessive fear of weight gain, loss of 15%, amenorrhea, denial of feelings of hunger
Bulima Nervosa
buying/consuming large amounts of food, purging after eating excessive amounts, goes straight to the bathroom after eating, using laxatives/diuretics, mood swings
Binge-Eating Disorder
not restricting diet between binging disorder, often eating quick until uncofort full, eating when no hungry, eating alone due to shame/guilt