Module 4: Lesson 1 - Teaching methodologies Flashcards
Name 4 common teaching methodologies.
- Behaviorism: B. F. Skinner: a mechanical process of habit formation or rote learning. Learners are trained to respond in a specific manner when prompted, reducing the need for the learner to think about or analyze the situation.
- Audiolingualism: language should be centered on speech and not writing. It is based on forming mechanical repetition habits which reinforce correct responses and accurate pronunciation through drilling and immediate feedback.
- The Natural Way: Stephen Krashen & Tracy Terrell: teaching communicative abilities rather than rigid language structures. It focuses on learning a second language in a similar manner to learning a first language, by creating opportunities for communication in a natural manner and reducing the importance of grammar study.
- Humanistic approach: belief that language learning should be natural and engage the “whole person”, including their emotions and feelings. It looks not only at the quality of the language produced, but the content, too. Humanistic teaching approaches include the Silent Way, Community Language Learning, Total Physical Response (TPR), and Suggestopedia.
Explain the task-based approach as one of the 4 modern teaching methodologies commonly used.
- Task-based approach: focuses on completing those tasks successfully, with language, grammar, and skills taught to the learners to help them carry out the task at hand effectively.
A key question before using this approach must be “Why are my students learning English?” With this information, teachers must help their learners achieve their personal or professional goals through the design of tasks that they need to carry out. The tasks themselves dictate the skills and language focus of the lessons, and can be used to create an effective syllabus.
It should be utilized along with other approaches, and focused on when the learner has certain specific needs that involve engaging with tasks in their daily life.
Explain the project-based approach as one of the 4 modern teaching methodologies commonly used.
Project-based approach: This approach begins by focusing on the primary objective that the learner has.
Discuss the difficulties your student encounters and cover all the vocabulary and grammar they will need to overcome these difficulties.
Project based learning is collaborative in nature, so it can be a little more tricky to implement in the online one-to-one classroom.
The first step to a good project-based learning approach is finding out which project your learner would benefit from doing.
The presentation of the project can be seen as a final overall assessment and should tell you clearly if they have met the objectives of the course.
Explain the lexical approach as one of the 4 modern teaching methodologies commonly used.
Lexical approach: focuses on “chunks” of language that students actually need to produce and is based on vocabulary and lexical units.
Professional students may need quite specific lexis for their field.
This approach works well with both online and one-to-one classes as it doesn’t rely on groups of multiple learners.
Explain the PPP & skills-based approach as one of the 4 modern teaching methodologies commonly used.
Both are tried and tested methods which, although having their drawbacks, serve as a good basis for teaching learners grammar, vocabulary, and skills. For new teachers, they are great, reliable methods for which to base their lessons. For learners, they are able to recognize them and understand how the lesson will flow.
