Module 4- Classification and Evolution Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

what were darwin’s 4 main observations?

A

-offspring appear similar to their parents
-no two individuals were identical
-organisms have the ability to produce large numbers of offspring
-populations in nature tend to remain fairly stable in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are fossils?

A

the remains or impressions of prehistoric plant/animals preserved in rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a homologous structure?

A

structure that appears superficially different in different organisms but has the same underlying structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is phylogeny?

A

based on the closeness of evolutionary relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what were early classification systems based on?

A

physical characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is classification?

A

grouping organisms into groups based on similarities and differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the relationship between classification and phylogeny?

A

modern classification reflects phylogeny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what can be learnt from fossils?

A

fossils deeper in the ground are older than
those near the surface and show that organisms change over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is intraspecific variation + example?

A

within species e.g. human height and eye colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is interspecific variation + example?

A

between species e.g. mouse has 4 legs bird has 2 legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the formula for a histogram?

A

frequency density=frequency/class width

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is natural selection?

A

process by which organisms best suited to their environment survive and reproduce passing on their characteristics to their offspring through their genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is genetic variation caused?

A

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the process of natural selection?

A

-variations exist within a population
-those with the characteristics best suited to the environment survive and reproduce
-genes for best characteristics are passed onto offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does evolution in some species have implications for human populations? (antibiotics)

A

-MRSA has developed resistance to many antibiotics
-bacteria replicate rapidly which can cause mutations in genes resulting in alleles that provide resistance to antibiotics
-when exposed to antibiotic resistant bacteria survive and continue to reproduce passing on the allele for resistance to offspring
-non resistant don’t survive so resistant population increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Discuss the implications of the over-use of antibiotics when people do not show symptoms?

A

-when exposed to antibiotic
most-resistant bacteria survive and continue to reproduce to make a
resistant population
-over many generations there is an increase in proportion of resistant bacteria so antibiotic becomes ineffective

16
Q
A