Module 4- Biodiversity

Question 1

what are the levels of biodiversity?

Answer 1

habitat, species, genetic

Question 2

what is habitat biodiversity?

Answer 2

number of different habitats found within an area

Question 3

what habitats have a large habitat biodiversity and why?

Answer 3

sand dunes, woodland,
meadows, streams- they can support a number of different species

Question 4

what are the two components of species biodiversity?

Answer 4

species richness, species evenness

Question 5

what is species evenness?

Answer 5

comparison of the numbers of individuals of each living species in a community

Question 6

what is species richness?

Answer 6

number of different species living in a specific area

Question 7

what is genetic biodiversity?

Answer 7

variety of genes that make up a species

Question 8

what leads to genetic biodiversity within a species?

Answer 8

different versions of genes (alleles)

Question 9

what are the benefits of species with high genetic biodiversity?

Answer 9

better adaptations to a changing environment + resistance from diseases

Question 10

what is random sampling?

Answer 10

selecting individuals by chance,, each individual in population has equal likelihood of selection

Question 11

how do do a random sample?

Answer 11

-mark grid on area using 2 tape measures at 90°
-use random numbers to determine x and y coordinates on grid
-take sample at coordinate pairs

Question 12

what is non-random sampling?

Answer 12

sample is not chosen at random

Question 13

what are the 3 main non-random sampling techniques?

Answer 13

opportunistic, stratified, systematic

Question 14

why is opportunistic sampling the weakest form of sampling?

Answer 14

may not be representative of the whole population

Question 15

what is opportunistic sampling?

Answer 15

uses organisms that are conveniently available

Question 16

what is stratified sampling?

Answer 16

dividing populations into sub-groups based on particular characteristics

Question 17

what is systematic sampling?

Answer 17

different areas within an overall habitat are identified then sampled separately

Question 22

what is ‘in situ’ conservation?

Answer 22

within organisms natural habitat

Question 23

what is ‘ex situ’ conservation?

Answer 23

out of an organisms natural habitat

Question 24

what are examples of ‘in situ’ conservations?

Answer 24

wildlife reserves, marine conservation zones

Question 25

what are examples of ‘ex situ’ conservations?

Answer 25

seed banks, botanic gardens, zoos

Question 26

what is interspecific variation?

Answer 26

variation across different species

Question 27

what is intraspecific variation?

Answer 27

variation across the same species

Question 28

what is discontinuous variation?

Answer 28

each characteristic falls into one of a few discrete categories e.g.
-blood type
-flowering/non-flowering
-biological sex

Question 29

what is continuous variation?

Answer 29

there are no definite categories e.g.
-height
-body mass
-leaf length