module 4 - cell membrane transport Flashcards

(58 cards)

1
Q

what do cell membranes contain

A

specialized membrane protein and transport proteins

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2
Q

what does membrane transport proteins facilitate?

A

passage of small water soluble molecules

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3
Q

what are lipid bilayers impermeable to ?

A

ions and most uncharged polar molecules

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4
Q

what determines diffusion rate

A

molecule’s size and solubility

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5
Q

diffusion

A

dye molecules move to become evenly distributed (goes from initial –> diffusion —> final)

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6
Q

what are the inorganic ions for cells?

A

Na, K, Ca, Cl and H

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7
Q

which inorganic ion is most abundant outside cell

A

Na+

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8
Q

which inorganic ion is most abundant inside cell

A

k+

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9
Q

how is a voltage difference created

A

small excess of + or - charge on 2 sides of plasma membrane

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10
Q

membrane transport is mediated by?

A

2 classes of membrane proteins

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11
Q

what creates membrane potential

A

activity of membrane transport proteins

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12
Q

what transfers small organic molecules or inorganic ions?

A

transporters

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13
Q

how do substances pass by?

A

channels for pores and passes by diffusion

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14
Q

downhill movement

A

high conc to low conc (no driving force)

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15
Q

uphill movement

A

requires energy - active transport

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16
Q

what influences the passive transport of charged solutes?

A

conc gradient and membrane potential

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17
Q

for an uncharged molecule, movement is determined by

A

its conc gradient

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18
Q

for an charged molecule, movement is determined by

A

exert forces

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19
Q

osmosis is

A

diffusion and can modify shapes of cells

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20
Q

what is responsible for water reabsorption

A

aquaporin

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21
Q

what do passive transporters change

A

conformation to mediate transport

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22
Q

important example of passive transporter?

A

glucose transporter

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23
Q

how does glucose transporter work?

A

glucose binds the protein and changes the shape

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24
Q

active transport

A

movement of molecules against their conc

25
active transporters
transmembrane proteins responsible for active transport
26
what are the 3 types of proteins for active transport?
uniporter, symporter, antiporter
27
uniporter?
one in one direction
28
symporter
2 diff substances in same direction
29
antiporter
2 diff substances in opposite directions
30
what are coupled transporters
symporters and antiporters
31
what are the 3 diff energy sources used in active transport
ATP, electrochemical gradient and light
32
Ca2+ to ??
Ca2+
33
Na+ to ???
energy
34
what is a primary active transport
na+ transporter
35
what is secondary active transporters
coupled transporters
36
what are involved in glucose transfers
active and passive transporters
37
how do large molecules enter and leave?
in is endocytosis exp is exocytosis
38
vesicle fusion
release of large and small molecules
39
which molecules are too large to pass through
proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids
40
what are the 3 types of endocytosis?
receptor-mediated pinocytosis phagocytosis
41
how are electrical charges balanced outside of cell
Na+ ions by Cl- ions
42
how are electrical charges balanced inside of cell
K+ by negative charges of organic molecules
43
what creates a membrane potential
difference in concentration of inorganic ions
44
how do inorganic ions move?
ion channels create openings for passive movement
45
what are ion channels ?
narrow and highly selective
46
what characteristics distinguish ion channels from pores?
ion selectivity and open/closure state
47
which ion channels are gated
ligand-gated voltage-gated mechanically-gated
48
what are ion channels responsible for?
electric signal generation and transmission in neurons
49
what is recorded are changes in membrane potential
activities of neurons
50
depolarized cell membranes
voltage Na+ open
51
hyper polarized cell membranes
chemically gated K+
52
what is action potential
rapid change
53
what do action potentials do?
travel and jump along axons in 1 direction
54
synapses
signal unique junctions
55
synaptic cleft
post and presynaptic cells
56
neurotransmitters receptors are ??
ligand-gated ion channels
57
which gates are responsible for muscle contractions?
ligand
58
mechanically-gated ion
channels in auditory hair cells allow us to hear