module 1 - introduction Flashcards
which organisms need to keep their internal environment stable?
multicellular
characteristics shared among living things
- cellular structure
- growth
- development
- reproduction
- metabolism
organisms share which characteristics?
- carbs
- chemical cellularity
- genetic info (all store info in DNA)
where is genetic info stored in?
nucleic acids
how many amino acids produce proteins?
20
what are the same 6 elements for organisms
C H N O S P
what are the same 7 chemical groups for organisms
- methyl
- ethyl
- carboxyl
- carbonyl
- phosphoryl
- amino
- thiol
what are the 3 domain systems
bacteria, archaea and eukarya
history of life on earth?
4.6 billion years ago
what were important steps for evolution?
- nucleic acids because they could reproduce themselves and serve as templates for the synthesis of proteins
- enclosure of bio molecules by membranes composed of fatty acids (make liposomes)
when did cellular structure evolve?
common ancestor of life
what do fatty acids make
spherical structures = liposomes
what changes earth’s atmosphere
photosynthetic organisms
is aerobic or anaerobic more efficient than anaerobic metabolism in extracting energy from nutrient molecules?
aerobic
what is the endosymbiotic theory
origin of eukaryotic cells where eukaryotes emerged from prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea)
what do biochemical reactions break down?
nutrient molecules
what does chemical breakdown produce?
building blocks for structures and energy for cell works (mechanical, biochemical and electrical)
what doe
- Cellular organization
- the ability to reproduce
- growth & development
- energy use
- homeostasis
- response to their environment
- the ability to adapt
what does homeostasis require
cell activity regulation
what does regulation require
internal and external info
what are the major info systems of animals?
nervous, hormonal, and immune systems
what do animals use to process info?
chemical and electric signals
genetic info flows from DNA to ???? to ????
RNA to Protein
all DNA in a cell has a ????
genome
gene expression involves ????? and ?????
transcription (RNA synthesis) and translation (protein synthesis)
do all the cells of a multicellular organism have the same genome?
yes
harmful mutations examples?
cancer, disorder and deformities
beneficial mutations examples?
polyploidy (extra set of chromosomes)
resistance to chemicals and diseases
evolution
what accounts for the evolution of biodiversity?
natural selection
binomial name parts?
genus, species
two types of experiments?
comparative and controlled
what are comparative experiments?
collecting and comparing data from 2 or more groups
what are controlled experiments?
a critical factor is affecting a phenomenon
manipulated group is called?
experimental
unmanipulated group is called?
control
