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ENT 101 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Passive dispersal

A

Movement by assistance of other things like wind/water/ other insects

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2
Q

Human assisted passive dispersal have led to the addition of

A

Invasive species

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3
Q

Passive dispersal requires

A

Less energy

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4
Q

Passive dispersal works best in

A

Small insects

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5
Q

Passive dispersal downsides

A

Insects can’t choose where they go

Can die during journey (have high repro rates to combat this)

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6
Q

What is used most in passive dispersal

A

Wind

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7
Q

Phoresy

A

Symbiotic relationship where a smaller individual is transported by a larger one

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8
Q

Globalization and trade

A

Have allowed for the addition of invasive species

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9
Q

Active dispersal

A

An organism moves itself

Norm for insects

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10
Q

Unique modes of locomotion

A

Water striders use hydrophobic hairs at the end of legs which create a barrier between them and water, allowing for them to not break water tension, increasing buoyancy

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11
Q

Dragonfly nymph movement

A

Gas chamber propels the nymphs forward in water

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12
Q

Mosquito pupa movement

A

Somersault head over tail underwater to move

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13
Q

Rove beetle

A

Can escape predators in water using Marangoni propulsion

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14
Q

Marangoni Propulsion

A

Shoots chemical from anus that propels the insect forward by reducing surface tension

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15
Q

Caterpillar avoiding predation

A

Wheel down surfaces by curling into a ball

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16
Q

Insect muscles

A

Act in tandem with the exoskeleton

Muscle is connected to inner surface of exoskeleton where cuticle is strengthened by apodeme

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17
Q

Resilin

A

Elastic tissue that works like tendons in vertebrates

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18
Q

Insect muscles are very

A

Efficient

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19
Q

Power of a muscle is dependent on

A

Area

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20
Q

Entire body mass of insect is associated with

A

Volume

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21
Q

Volume decreases

A

More than area

This shows insects are able to be strong despite their body size

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22
Q

Larval insects move through a

A

Hydrostatic skeleton

Muscles are attached to body cells

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23
Q

Turgidity

A

Body shape is determined by muscles

Contraction of these allows for movement

When muscles contract in one part of the body, another part relaxes, muscles contracting and relaxing creates an undulating or sinusoidal movement

Hooks and spikes are also used

Insect larvae use this underwater as well

24
Q

Parts of the insect thorax that have appendeages

A

Prothorax

Metathorax

Mesothrox

25
Q

Insect segments

A

Coxa (closest to insect)

Trochanter

Femur

Tibia

Tarsus

Pretarsus (fartherst to body)

26
Q

Tripod gait

A

Keeping all legs on the ground at all times

Provides stability

27
Q

Cursorial

A

Running legs

Well developed femur and tibia

Allows insects to cover a lot of ground quickly

Slim leg allows for increased stride amount

28
Q

Raptorial

A

Spines on femur and tibia

Used to grasp prey

Preying mantis

29
Q

Fossorial

A

Tibia is flattened with sceleritized ends to allow insect to burrow

Tarsus are greatly reduced

30
Q

Saltatorial legs

A

Femure and tibia are long to allow the insect to jump

31
Q

Natatorial legs

A

Flattened legs with rows of cita to allow the insect to move in water

High surface area

32
Q

Proleg

A

Modified extensions coming out the body

Lepidoptera, hymenoptera, and diptera have this in their larvae

Have hooks to allow for gripping

Not actually legs

33
Q

Paleoptera

A

Cannot fold their wings into their body (dragonflies)

34
Q

Neoptera

A

Can fold their wings using folding lines

35
Q

Wing folding

A

Protects the wing from damage and allows them to fit into spaces

36
Q

Mayfly subimago (just before adult)

A

Has wings

37
Q

Forewings are attatches to

A

Mesothorax

38
Q

Hindwings are attached to

A

metathorax

39
Q

Wing structure

A

Membranous structure

Membrane is made up of two thin layers of cuticle pressed together

Wing veins are hollow and contain trachae, nervs and hemolymph

40
Q

Early winged insects have many

A

Cross veins in the wings

41
Q

Sclerites

A

Join wings to abdoman

42
Q

Grasshoppers have evolved

A

Tegmina

43
Q

Tegmina

A

Scleritized wings to provide protection for the hind wings

used for steering in flight

44
Q

Tegmina can also be used for

A

Sound

Predator evasion

45
Q

Hemelytra

A

Having half the forewing be mebranous and the whole hindwing is membranous

46
Q

Elytra

A

Leathery wings that are completely scleretized

47
Q

Lepidoptera wings

A

Wings in this order are used for mimicry, protection, camo, mate attraction, insulation, and temp regulation

Achieved by scales on the wing sockets placed at an incline

48
Q

Diptera wings

A

Hind wings are modified into halteres which are used for balancing

These structures do not assist in flight

49
Q

Campaniform sensilla

A

Sensory structures at the base of halteres used to assist flight

50
Q

Termite wings

A

Only reproducing ones have wings which are also shed

51
Q

Water strider wings

A

Wings are only present in unfavorable conditions to allow the offspring to fly away to a new habitat

52
Q

Direct flight muscles

A

Up and down strokes are achieved by muscles attached to the sclerites at the base of each wing

When the wing is moving up, the proxiaml muscle is used

When moving down, the distal muscles is used

53
Q

Paleoptera use

A

Direct flight

54
Q

Most insects use

A

Indirect flight muscles

55
Q
A

ENT 101 (4 decks)

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