Module 3 supplemental reading for installers and process Flashcards
what is an advanced monitoring tool for Windows that shows real-time file system, registry, and process/thread activity?
Process Monitor
what are operation input and output parameters?
variables that allow data to be exchanged between different parts of a system or process.
what do non-destructive filters in Process Monitor allow you to do?
set filters without losing data.
what does capturing thread stacks for each operation in Process Monitor make possible?
Identifying the root cause of an operation
What are image path, command line, user and Session ID examples of?
process details
what are configured as columns in Process Monitor?
Event property data fields
In Process monitor, what does advanced logging architecture scale to?
tens of millions of captured events and gigabytes of log data
in Process Monitor, what tool shows relationship of all processes referenced in a trace?
Process tree
in Process Monitor, what format preserves all data for loading in a different process Monitor instance?
Native Log
In process monitor, what allows easy viewing of process image information?
process tooltip
what in Process Monitorallows convenient access to formatted data that doesn’t fit in the column?
Detail tooltip
In process manager, what is boot time logging?
A type of system log that records events that occur during the system’s boot process
what does the process monitor page look like?
A set of columns with time, process name, session, PID, Archive, Operation, path, result, detail, date and time, and Image Path.
what should you look up to learn about package installing on Windows?
Windows Installer Examples
what is a database table editor for creating and editing Windows Installer packages and merge modules?
Orca.exe
what tool provides a graphical interface for validation, highlighting the particular entries where validation errors or warning occur?
Orca
where is Orca available?
the Windows SDK Components for Windows Installer Developers
what options are used with Orca.exe
-q, -s, -?
what is -q in Orca?
quiet mode
what is -s in quiet mode?
<database> Schema database ["orca.dat" - default]
</database>
where can you install software directly from? linux
source code, linux.
what changes because different programming languages are compiled differently in Linux?
the method of installation
what can you do to see a setup script?
extract a package archive
what is a setup script?
a script file that will fun a bunch of tasks on the computer in order to set up the package
what is the app code?
the actual software code
what is a Readme file?
a standard file contained in source archives that has information about the archive. It is asking you to read it before you do anything.
what does the setup script tell us?
how to install our package
what can a sample setup script contain?
instructions to: compile app code into machine instructions, copy compiled app binary to /bin, make a folder to /home, /whatever username. Instructions to copy things, make things, organize things.
who decides what software needs to work and runs tasks to get it working? whether those tasks are creating files or updating directories.
the software developers.
How could I read the instructions for installing the linux file?
if I knew the programming languages that were being used.
what piece of softwareis used to help our hardware devices interact with our OS
Driver
How does Microsoft group all of the devices and drivers on a computer
in a single Microsoft management console called the vice manager
how can you get to the vice manager using the run dialogue
devmgmt.msc
how can you get to device manager using the GUI?
right click this pc, manage, device manager. Search is also an option, and so is right clicking on start and finding it in the menu.
how are most devices on a computer grouped together
according to broad categories, such as monitor for any display you might use
when do devices usually get grouped?
when you plug them in for the first time.
What does Windows do when you plug a device in for the first time/
detects it, groups it, recognizes and installs the software that is needed to manage it
what do most vendors or computer hardware manufacturers assign to their devices?
a hardware ID
what is the first thing Windows will do when it notices a new device?
ask it for its hardware ID
what does the OS use the hardware ID for/
to search for the right driver for the device
where does the OS search for drivers?
a local list, Windows update, driver’s store.
What do some devices come with which contain custom driver software? You can tell Windows to look there too
driver disks
What does Windows do when it finds the right driver software?
installs it.
How can you interact with Windows drivers?
through device manager console. Expand any of the categories to view the devices in them. Also, use right click to open a menu with options to work with them.
what can you do from the right click menu in device manager?
uninstall, disable, and update a driver, tell Windows to look for hardware changes like a newly plugged in device, look at properties.
what does properties show you in the right click menu in Device manager?
details about the device and its driver
What is the part of windows that enables a computer system to adapt to hardware changes with minimal intervention by the user? This allows a user to add and remove devices without having to do manual configuration and without the knowledge of computer hardware.
Plug and play
what lets a user doc portable computer and use the docking station keyboard mouse and monitor without making manual configuration changes
plug and play
what requires support from device hardware, system software, and drivers
Plug and Play
What define standards for easy identification of add-in boards and system components?
Initiatives in the hardware industry
what determines the hardware resources requested by each device and assigns hardware resources appropriately
the plug and play manager
What reports a new device to the windows operating system
a bus driver
what are bus specific prefixes, consisting the format of a hardware id or compatible id
PCI\ or USB\
What it is a hardware id
a vendor defined identifications string that windows uses to match a device to a driver package
what is another word for a devices enumerator
bus driver
How does windows decide which driver to install
if there is only one matching driver package that gets installed, if many are found windows assigns ranking value, and the lowest rank is installed. If there are two drivers with the same ranking value windows uses the driver date and version to select the best driver package for the device
where are the date and version of a driver contained
a driver packages INF file
what is considered a file in Linux?
everything including hardware devices
when a device is connected to a linux computer, what director is its file created in?
/dev
What devices transmit data character by character?
character devices like a keyboard or a mouse
What devices in linux transfer blocks of data, or units of data storage
Block devices, like usb, hard drive, cdrom
what is a data block?
a unit of data storage
what is the first bit you see in an ls -l command?
the type of file
what bit stands for a regular file?
-
what bit stands for directory?
d
what is the bit for block device?
b
what is the letter for character device?
c
what are mass storage devices like hard drives and memory sticks?
sd devices
what does it mean if you see an a after sd?
the device was detected by the computer first
where are device drivers sometimes part of? Linux
the Linux Kernel.
what part of the linux machine handles the interaction with hardware?
kernel
what is a monolithic piece of software with lots of functions, including support for lots of hardware? This makes it so that for lots of devices, when you plug them in, they automatically work.
the kernel
What do devices without support built into the kernel most likely have?
a kernel module
what extend the kernel’s functionality without developers having to actually touch it?
kernel module
if you need to install a kernel module for a device, how can you install it?
the same way as other software in linux
what are these examples of?
/dev/sda - First SCSI drive
/dev/sr0 - First optical disk drive
/dev/usb - USB device
/dev/usbhid - USB mouse
/dev/usb/lp0 - USB printer
/dev/null - discard
devices you may find in the /dev directory
what are block devices?
devices that can hold data, like hard drives, USB drives, filesystems
What are devices that input or output data one character at a time?
character devices
what are pipe devices?
similar to character devices, but send output to a process running on the Linux machine instead of a monitor or printer
what are similar to pipe devices, but help multiple processes communicate with each other?
Socket devices
why are there so many Linux versions?
Linux is Open source
What is a device manager for Linux that automatically creates and removes device files in Linux when the associated devices are connected and disconnected?
Udev
What has a daemon running in Linux that listens for kernel messages about devices connecting and disconnecting to the machine?
udev
What is GNOME?
a user interface on Linux
In Gnome, where is printers?
settings on the left side menu
what button in gnome settings, printers lets you change the system settings?
unlock
What must your user account have to unlock the system settings for printers?
superuser, sudo, or printadmin privileges
After you hit the unlock button in gnome, settings, printers, what opens?
the dialog box showing the list of available printers, which you can search by IP address or host name
how do you select the printer you want to install on the local system?
from gnome, settings, printers, unlock, click the printer you want to install on the local system and click add
Where will the printer listing appear when the printer is added?
Settings window for printers
Where do you find printer details in linux?
printersettings, in the top right corner of the printer listing
What three options will you have for installing the printer driver when the printer is installed?
search for drivers, select from database, install PPD file.
where will the Gnome control center automatically search for the driver?
Driver repositories using PackageKit
What does PPD stand for?
Postscript printer description files
What does Red Had Linux use to manage printers from the command line?
Common Unix Printing System, CUPS
what broadcast to clients for automatic printer installation on Linux machines?
CUPS servers
with Red Hat, when would it be preferable to manually install printers through the command line?
When working on environments with multiple printers.
What is the command line you would use in Red Hat to install printer?
$ lpadmin -p printername -m driverfilename.ppd
what is the printeradministrator command?
lpadmin
with lpadmin, what flag and command add or modify the named printer?
-p, printername
In Red Hat, what command installs the postscript printer description driver filename that you provide? the file should be stored in the /usr/share/cups/model directory
-m driverfilename.ppd
how do you open the man page for lpadmin?
$ man lpadmin
How do you check if a device is already installed on a Linux machine? GNOME
settings, browse devices, the attached devices of the selected device type will appear in the window pane to the right
How to check if a device is installed through command line?
$ ls /dev, lcpci, lsusb, lsscsi, lpstat -p, dmesg
what command lists all /dev folder devices?
ls /dev
what command lists devices installed on the PCI bus?
lcpci
what command lists devices installed on the USB bus?
lsusb
what command lists scsi devices, like hard drives? Linux.
lsscsi
what command lists all printers and whether they are enabled? linux
lpstat -p
what command lists devices recognized bythe kernel? linux
dmesg
why should you keep your OS updated?
you want the newest features and security updates
what is software that is meant to fix up a security hole called?
security patch
What should you do when you have an operating system update with security patches?
update immediately
what can you be affected by if you do not install OS updates with security patches?
security holes
What service runs in the background of your computer to download and install updates and patches for your operating system.
the Windows update client service
where does the Windows update client service go to find new updates?
Windows Update servers at Microsoft
What does an installation of a Windows update, after the download, usually require?
a restart of your computer, performed by the update client after it asks permission
When will the Windows update client service ask your permission to install the new update?
when it has been downloaded, depending on your settings. It may also just do it automatically
how can I tell Windows to manage updates in versions before win 10?
to install automatically or let it know I want to decide whether I want to install, or turn off updates.
where can I configure Windows update?
search updates in the search box and go into Windows update setting
where can I configure windows update?
Windows update setting in updates.
What can I do in Windows Update setting?
configure Windows Update client to check new updates, look at history of updates installed, change how it downloads and applies patches.
Why does Windows 10 have a cumulative update model?
you need to download and install less packages to be up to date if your machine is off for a long time and needs to be updated for security when it is turned on again.
what is a downside to cumulative updates in win 10?
no longer optional to install updates
What Windows Update type addresses critical bugs that are not security related, but are widely released fixes for a specific problem?
critical updates
what type of windows update are widely released and frequent updates to a product’s definition database?
Definition updates
what are used to detect specific types of objects on your system, such as malicious code, phishing websites, or junk mail? type of database on Windows
Definiton databases
what are software that control the input and output of devices running on your system?
Drivers
When may drivers be updated?
when new versions of the driver become available for your devices or if you install a new device on your system
what update adds new product functionality to your system?
Feature packs
What is the functionality of feature packs first Distributed as?
an update to a product currently running on your system, usually included in the next full product release
what are widely released patches for security related vulnerability, rated by severity as being critical, important, moderate, or low
security updates
what vulnerabilities pose an active threat and patch should be installed immediately
critical
what vulnerabilities pose a likely threat and the patch should be installed as soon as possible
important
what vulnerabilities pose a potential threat and the path should be installed soon
moderate
what vulnerabilities are not an immediate threat but the patches recommended
Low
what collect all tested hot fixes security updates critical updates and general updates together and distribute them as a set? may also contain new fixes or design changes requested by customers
service packs
what are widely released fixes for specific problems that address noncritical bugs that are not security related?
general updates
what collect a set of tested hot fixes and updates that target a specific area, like a component or service. These fixes and updates are packaged together for easy deployment
update rollups
what collect all the new security updates from a given month for distribution through the windows server update services? Rated as important
security only updates, called security only quality update when you download them
what new operating systems delivered those updates to previously installed operating system?
win 10 and 11
when must you configure windows update to update automatically
with older versions of windows than windows ten
with windows ten and eleven how long can you pause updates for?
35 days
what should you do to ensure top performance and security for your windows system?
updates
What is the OS packaged in Linux?
Kernel
what controls the core components of our OS?
kernel
what should you do if your want to get the new security patches, new features and fixes?
run a new kernel version
what command gives you the system information?
uname
what flag with uname gives us the kernel version?
-r
what command and option do you use to upgrade your kernel? If it is available to install.
apt full-upgrade
before you run your apt full-upgrade command, what should you do?
update your application sources with sudo apt update
what do you need to do after updating your kernel in linux?
reboot your computer
what command can you use to verify that the latest kernel is in use?
uname -r
What is the core interface between a device’s hardware and the rest of its processes?
the Linux kernel.
What controls all the major functions of hardware running the Linux OS?
kernel
what job in kernel linux tracks how much memory is being used by what and where it is stored?
Memory management
What tool in the Linux kernel determines which processes can use the central processing unit, when, and for how long/
process management
what linux kernel tool acts as an interpreter between the hardware and processes?
device drivers
what linux kernel tool receives requests for service from the processes?
system calls and security
what are the four main jobs of the linux kernel?
memory management, process management, device drivers, system calls and security
how do you update the Ubuntu linux distro?
Update manager, apt
what is a gui that is nearly 100% automated? when updates are available it will open on your desktop and prompt you to complete updates. It checks for security updates daily and nonsecurity updates weekly. You can choose to check for updates manually
Update manager
what is the Ubuntu package management system that uses command line tools to update a Ubuntu distro. Does not check for updates automatically, you must manually run it to check for updates. You can use commands.
apt
What command do you use to update linux with Apt?
apt-get update. it prompts use of passwords, then updates the list of system packages
what command do you use to actually download and install all updated versions for the packages in the system package list for linux update?
apt-get upgrade
A Package Manager that acts as a repository
App Store apps:
A app store service that also acts as a repository
App store repository:
A central managed marketplace for app developers to publish and sell mobile apps
App stores
An APPX is another way to package contents of a file to act like a unit of distribution
APPX
comprised of one or more files that are compressed into a single file” for verb agreement
Archive:
A system that acts like USB drives and hard drive by transmitting data
Block devices:
The assigned stored location for recently or frequently accessed data; on a mobile app it is where anything that was changed or created with that app is stored
Cache
A way to transmit data character by character like a keyboard and mouse
Character devices
A third party package manager for Windows
Chocolatey:
A source code that does not allow public access
Closed source packages
A Debian package is packaged as a .deb file
Debian(.deb)
A console management system for your device
Device manager
Used to help our hardware devices interact with our Operating System
Driver
Programs that want to use functionality that the code provides can tap into it if they need to (shared libraries)
Dynamic-link libraries
A management system that allows an organization to distribute custom mobile apps
Enterprise app management
A file containing instructions for a computer to execute when they’re run
Executable file
A special string of characters assigned to hardware
Hardware ID
A process of counting on other pieces of software to make an application work since one bit of code depends on another in order to work
Having dependencies
A process of installing from a source
Installing from source:
It extends the kernel’s functionality so developers don’t have to actually touch the Linux kernel
Kernel module
A way to package a bunch of useful code that someone else wrote
Library:
A library used if an application needs to use a shared library
Manifest
a file extension used to guide a program called Windows Installer in the installation, maintenance, and removal of programs of the windows operating systems. MSI files are a combination of of databases that contain installation instructions in different tables along with all the files
Microsoft Install Package(.msi) and MSI files:
Software that is distributed on mobile OS devices
Mobile applications
The core or source software files that are compressed into one file
Packaged archives
An application that makes package installation and removal easier
Packaged managers
A software repository for uploading source packages to be built and published
Personal package archives
Windows unique version of .exe
Portable Executable (PE) format
A way of monitoring what processes are happening during installation
Process monitoring
A server that acts like a central storage location for packages
Repository
Mass storage devices like hard drives
SD devices
A piece of software that is meant to fix up a security hole
Security patch
A system that manages most shared libraries and resources on Windows and supports access to multiple versions of the same shared library automatically
Side-by-side assemblies
A process of installing mobile apps directly without using an app store
Side-loading
A set of tools released by Microsoft that can help you troubleshoot
Sysinternals package
an application repository or warehouse where you can download and install universal Windows platform apps
Windows store
System that runs in the background on your computer to download and install updates and patches for your operating system
Windows update client service
