Module 1 Day 6: Windows searching within files, Supplemental reading for Windows PowerShell

Question 1

in windows, how do you search for a word in a document? what hotekey

Answer 1

ctrl-f

Question 2

how do you check if a word exists in multiple files in Windows? GUI

Answer 2

Windows Search Service

Question 3

What indexes files on your computer by looking through them on a schedule.

Answer 3

Windows Search Service

Question 4

What service on Windows compiles a list of names and properties of the file into a database?

Answer 4

Windows Search Service

Question 5

what service that compiles names and properties into a database is usually disabled on Windows Servers?

Answer 5

Windows Search Service

Question 6

What is Windows Search Service usually enabled on for files in the home directory, but not the entire hard drive?

Answer 6

Windows 8 and Windows 10 desktop computers

Question 7

What can you find files based on in Windows Search Service?

Answer 7

name, path, last time modified, size, other details

Question 8

What can’t you do with Search service by default? windows

Answer 8

search for words inside of files.

Question 9

what can you configure Windows Search Service to do?

Answer 9

search file contents and their properties

Question 10

Why is it that Windows Search Service is not configured to search file contents and properties by default?

Answer 10

it increases the time it takes for the indexer to work.

Question 11

What does the Search Service do ahead of time?

Answer 11

runs processes, finds the information for you, and then you just have to retrieve it.

Question 12

How do you configure Search Service to search file contents and properties?

Answer 12

start menu, type: indexing, click indexing options, Select Users, click Advanced, select file types tab, select index properties and file contents, click OK, close out.

Question 12

How do you configure the Windows Search Service? Where are the settings for it?

Answer 12

Indexing options in the control panel

Question 13

When you configure Windows Search Service, will all search terms you want access to be available and all files be indexed the way you want immediately?

Answer 13

no, it takes some time.

Question 14

what will Windows do as soon as you have finished configuring Search Service?

Answer 14

it will begin rebuilding its index based on your new settings, could be a while or fast, depending on how large your files are.

Question 15

what can you use in your home directory, GUI, to find files with specific words in them?

Answer 15

Windows File Explorer in home directory. Go to your home directory, and type the term you want to search in your search bar.

Question 16

how can you tell if indexing is complete?

Answer 16

Indexing Options will show you.

Question 17

what is another service you can use to find files with words in them?

Answer 17

Notepad++

Question 18

How do your search files for words in notepad++?

Answer 18

in Notepad++, press CTRL+SHIFT+F to open the Find in files dialog. Find What: word. Directory: Users. Search.
This is very time-consuming unless you get more specific.

Question 19

In Notepad++, when searching,
What is something you can search the name of?
where can you limit your search to?
what can you use a set of to find files?
what can you set notepad++ to replace in files?

Answer 19

specify what files you want to search,
limit search to a directory,
set of file extensions,
replace words with other words, editing the file.

Question 20

how can you search files for words from the command line PowerShell? what command do you use?

Answer 20

sls

Question 21

what does sls do? PowerShell

Answer 21

find words or other strings of characters and files

Question 22

what does sls stand for? PowerShell

Answer 22

Select-String

Question 23

what are strings?

Answer 23

a way for the computer to represent text

Question 24

what command searches for text that matches a pattern you provide? PowerShell

Answer 24

sls

Question 25

what sorts of patterns could you provide to the sls command PowerShell?

Answer 25

word, part of a word, phrase, more complex patterns that are described using a pattern matching language called Regular Expressions

Question 26

What are Regular Expressions?

Answer 26

A sequence of characters that specifies a match pattern in text.

Question 27

what is the format for the sls command to find words in files? to tell you the file and line number in the file where it was found?

Answer 27

Select-String word document

Question 28

how would you use wildcard in PowerShell to find multiple files with a keyword? text files with the word in it.

Answer 28

Select-String 'word' *.txt

Question 29

what command parameter on PowerShell with sls can you use to just look up things in a directory?

Answer 29

-Filter

Question 30

How would I use the command parameter -Filter? look for .exe in C:\Program Files

Answer 30

ls 'C:\Program Files\' -Recurse -Filter *.exe

Question 31

what will the -Filter parameter filter?

Answer 31

the results for file names that match a pattern

Question 32

what does the asterisk mean?

Answer 32

match anything

Question 33

What is .exe?

Answer 33

the file extension for executable files in Windows

Question 34

how can we search for words in files that match a certain pattern? command in Linux

Answer 34

grep

Question 35

how to find out if a file is in a directory or a word is in a file? Linux

Answer 35

grep

Question 36

what would the command: grep cow farm_animals.txt do?

Answer 36

search for the word cow in the file farm_animals.txt, and pull it up with it highlighted in red. It shows you if it found the word in the file.

Question 37

how can you use grep to search multiple files? search for the word cow in any files that end in _animals.txt

Answer 37

grep cow *_animals.txt

Question 38

what will grep cow *_animals.txt show?

Answer 38

in all _animals.txt files, it will show if the word cow is in the document.

Question 39

what is echo an alias for?

Answer 39

Write-Output

Question 40

on a surface level, what does the echo command do?

Answer 40

prints out our keyboard input to the screen

Question 41

what does I/O streams mean?

Answer 41

input/output streams

Question 42

how many streams does each process in Windows have?

Answer 42

three

Question 43

what is stdin?

Answer 43

standard in

Question 44

What is stdout?

Answer 44

standard out

Question 45

what is stderr?

Answer 45

standard error

Question 46

how do you provide input to a process?

Answer 46

add things to the standard instream, which flows into the process.

Question 47

what creates output?

Answer 47

the process, when it adds data to the standard out stream.

Question 48

what stream does the data you input into the CLI go to?

Answer 48

the standard in stream for the process you interact with

Question 49

how does a process communicate with you?

Answer 49

puts data into the standard out stream

Question 50

what does the CLI write?

Answer 50

data from the standard out stream

Question 51

what symbol do you use to put the standard output information in a file instead of putting it in the PowerShell CLI?

Answer 51

>, the greater than symbol

Question 52

what do we call the >?

Answer 52

a redirect, operator, that lets us change where we want our standard output to go. I can send to file, instead of the screen, for example.

Question 53

what should I think of data streams as?

Answer 53

actual streams of information.

Question 54

what will the > do if you direct echo to write to a file?

Answer 54

if the file exists, it will overwrite it for us. Otherwise, it will make a new file.

Question 55

what do you do if you don't want > to overwrite an existing file?

Answer 55

use the command """>>,"" which means -Append

Question 56

how would I make a file, using the echo and > commands called dog.txt which says woof?

Answer 56

echo woof > dog.txt

Question 57

how would I add to a document called dog.txt, and make it say an additional woof?

Answer 57

echo woof >> dog.txt

Question 58

what if you want to send the output of one command to the output of another command?

Answer 58

the pipe operator

Question 59

how would I lift the words that just contain the string st from a file called words.txt

Answer 59

``` cat words.txt | Select-String st ```

Question 60

Take all the words from the file called words.txt, starting with st, and put them into a file called st_word.txt. Hint: display the contents of a file called words.txt. Next, you want to take all the words from that file that start with st, and put that into a file called st_word.txt

Answer 60

``` cat words.txt | Select-String st > st_word.txt ```

Question 61

if you don't want to see errors, how can you redirect them in a different output stream?

Answer 61

standard error.

Question 62

what does rm secure_file 2> errors.txt do?

Answer 62

makes you a file called errors.txt, and then you can see the error message from before.

Question 63

what does the 2 mean in rm secure_file 2> errors.txt?

Answer 63

all of the output streams are numbered, and this is the number for the standard error output. one is for standard out, instead.

Question 64

what does 2> mean?

Answer 64

we are telling PowerShell to redirect the standard error stream to the file instead of out.

Question 65

how can you filter error messages? what command can you use?

Answer 65

$null

Question 66

what is $null?

Answer 66

nothing. a redirection black hole.

Question 67

how do you redirect error message for rm secure_file to $null?

Answer 67

rm secure_file 2> $null

Question 68

do this later: PowerShell

Answer 68

Get-help about_redirection

Question 69

what are the three linux streams?

Answer 69

stdin stdout stderr

Question 70

what does echo woof > dog.txt do in linux bash?

Answer 70

make a file that says woof called dog.txt

Question 71

what does the >> operator do in Linux?

Answer 71

appends to a file instead of overwriting

Question 72

what is format for append or greater than?

Answer 72

echo input >(>) filename.txt

Question 73

in redirector?

Answer 73

<

Question 74

how to use the standard in redirect operator to get input from files?

Answer 74

cat < file_input.txt

Question 75

what does cat < file_input.txt do in linux?

Answer 75

the same thing as cat file_input.txt, only we aren't using keyboard input, we are using the file as standard in.

Question 76

how do you redirect just the error messages of some output in linux? make a document called error_output.txt. to get the error, list directory /dir/fake_dir.

Answer 76

ls /dir/fake_dir 2> error_output.txt

Question 77

what is the Linux nullifying black hole?

Answer 77

the /dev/null file

Question 78

how to see the standard messages only, filtering out the errors in a file to null, and look at var/log/syslog? in

Answer 78

less /var/log/syslog 2> /dev/null

Question 79

how can you see which sub-directories in the /etc directory contain the word Bluetooth? use the pipe redirected to take the output of ls -la /etc and send it to the grep command.

Answer 79

ls -la /etc | grep bluetooth

Question 80

what are used to help you do advanced pattern-based selection?

Answer 80

Regular expressions

Question 81

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/getting-started-with-microsoft-powershell/

Answer 81

getting started with Microsoft PowerShell

Question 82

PowerShell for every system

Answer 82

https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell

Question 83

What does unbalanced sugar do?

Answer 83

Kills me

Question 84

what is /r[aeiou]+/g an example of?

Answer 84

a regular expression sequence that will get you all characters matching the pattern, lowercase r followed by one or more lower-case vowels.

Question 85

what is the shortening of regular expression?

Answer 85

regex

Question 86

what is the grep command derived from?

Answer 86

g/re/p: global search for regular expression and Print matching lines.