Module 3 day 2: supplemental reading for mobile device storage through supplemental reading for windows package dependencies Flashcards
what is often limited on mobile devices?
storage space
what is a best practice for space on mobile devices before installing new apps or saving new files?
Ensure that there is sufficient space on a mobile device
on a mobile device, what should the first troubleshooting step for an installation or saving problem be?
Check if there is enough storage space for the install or save. Mobile devices can experience unusual problems when space runs low, and sometimes there is no error message.
what is something that can fill up the last bit of storage space and cause unusual performance problems on a mobile device? a way that limitations can be reached without the user intentionally adding programs or files.
automatically generated temporary cache files can fill up the storage face
What can you do to free up space for new items? what can you delete?
delete unused or rarely used apps and files
what should users use instead of storing the files locally on the mobile device. To prevent loss, protect files.
use cloud storage for photos, videos, other.
but mobile device operating systems automatically analyze how much space apps occupying storage?
iOS and iPadOS.
with Apple, where can you see how much storage is available?
through device settings menu, on iTunes, or through a computer with a connection to the mobile devic.
What can you do to Apple mobile devices to configure them to preserve space?
configure them to free up space automatically when they are low on storage space. The device will select files that can be downloaded again if needed for removal.
what will apple devices remove if they need to free up space?
files that can be reinstalled again as needed. could be caches, local copies of a file that is stored on the cloud, streamed videos and music, and temp files.
what will Apple devices do, or rather what should they do, when storage space is almost full to give the user an opportunity to select specific apps and files for removal?
generate an alert.
how to check storage space available on iPhones and iPads
Navigate to Settings > General > iPhone Storage or iPad Storage.
The first item on the Storage screen should be a visual indicator of how much storage space has been used out of the total storage space available on the device. It might be color coded to delineate which types of items are occupying the used storage space, such as apps, messages, media, system data, etc.
Check the RECOMMENDATIONS section near the top of the screen (if available). This section might suggest automatically deleting messages that are over a year old or automatically uninstalling unused apps when space is running low. Be sure to investigate the suggested items for deletion to ensure that the items will not be missed before clicking Enable.
Review the next section, which lists the apps installed on the device. The file size and date last used will be listed for each app. If you open the detailed view for an app, you might see options like:
Offload the app - Removes the app only, but keeps app data and documents.
Delete the app - Removes the app, its data, and related documents.
Select the best option that suits the device user’s needs.
Move any photos, videos, and other user-created files to iCloud storage and remove the copy stored on the device’s storage space.
What type of mobile OS allows manufacturers to change the OS configuration?
open operating system, open OS
Where should most versions of Android have Storage listed?
immediately under settings, unless it is Samsung, which puts it under either Device Maintenance or Device Care
What do you do if you can’t get Android device settings easily?
check manufacturer’s manual
How to navigate storage for Android
Navigate to Settings > Storage
The Storage screen may display a visual indicator illustrating how much storage space has been used out of the total storage space available on the device. Like Apple devices, the graphic might be color coded to indicate which types of USER DATA are occupying the used storage space, such as images, videos, audio, documents, apps, etc.
Click the CLEAN UP button under the graphic (if available).
A new window should open to show a list of items that Android has analyzed and RECOMMENDED FOR CLEANUP. Next to each item may be a button labeled CLEAN UP. Scroll down to the bottom of the list to find the SPECIAL CLEANUPS section.
For some items, like Junk Files, clicking the CLEAN UP button will automatically remove the files.
For other items, like Images or Videos, clicking the CLEAN UP button will give the user a checklist of specific items to select for removal. Be sure to investigate the suggested items for deletion to ensure that the items will not be missed by the user.
what is comprised of one or more files that is compressed into a single file?
an archive
what are the core or source software files compressed into one file?
package archives
what is referred to as installing from source?
installing software from a source archive
what are .tar, .zip, and .rar examples of?
archive types
what must you first do when you install software from an archive?
first extract the contents of the archive so you can see the files inside.
What does the installation of archive files depend on?
the type of code it was written in
What can be archived?
anything. pictures, software, music files.
what have lots of different ways they can be extracted?
archive types
what is used for file archiving and unarchiving in Windows?
7-zip
How do you use 7-zip in the gui?
you move the cursor to the file in the file explorer, right click, select 7-zip, and extract here.
what file extraction tool is open source?
7-zip
how do you make a new zipped or archived folder? in the gui in file explorer
make a new file, name it, add files that you want to put in it into it by dragging and dropping them, right click the folder, 7-zip, add to archive, and it’ll make a new zipped folder for you.
how can you send a bunch of files over email?
combine them in one archive and send one single zipped file instead of many individual files.
what version of PowerShell can extract and compress archives from the command line?
version 5.0 or greater
what is the command for compressing an archive?
Compress-Archive
What is the format for making a zip file in PowerShell? take everything from the oldfoldername directory and compress it into the archivename.zip
Compress-Archive -Path C:\Users\home\oldirectoryname\oldfoldername\ ~\Newdirectoryname\archivename.zip
what does teh Compress-Archive cmdlet ignore when creating or updating the archive file?
hidden files and folders.
what is also available to use in Linux?
7-zip
what is the Linux version of 7-zip?
p7-zip-full
what happens when you use the command 7z and the flag e, and then the file you want to extract?
you extract a file using 7zip. e for extract.
how would you extract the myarchive.tar folder in linux?
7z e myarchive.tar
what tool do lots of people use in Linux to extract zip files, which is often already installed on most linux distros?
the tar command
what might different archive types require in linux?
different commands in order to extract
what is tar short for in linux?
tape archive
what is a single file that contains any number of individual files plus information to allow them to be restored to their original form by one or more extraction programs?
archive
what are convenient for storing files as well as for transmitting data and distributing programs?
archive files
what is tar’s basic syntax?
tar option(s) archivename filename(s)
what was originally designed for backups on magnetic tape?
tar
what are archives created with tar referred to as?
tarballs
what does tar not do?
compression
what does tar require the use of?
one or more options, unlike many other commands
what do the -c and -f options do with tar?
create tar files. former: tar make archive. latter: the next argument will be the name of the new archive file
what will tar -cf do?
make an archive, and then the next argument, or piece of data in the command, will be the name of the new archive file.
what will the command
tar -cf file.tar file1 file2 file3
do?
make an archive file called file.tar out of the three files, file1, file2, file3, in your current directory
is it necessary for the new file to have the .tar extension?
no
why is the .tar extension useful?
it allows the type of file to be visually identified.
what must be the last option used after .tar?
-f, or else the system will not understand the file name.
what option with tar will display a list of the files that are included in the archive?
-v
how can you use tar to make archives from the contents of one or more directories?
the result is recursive, and includes all objects in the directories, in each level.
ex:
tar -cvf dir.tar dir1 dir2
how can you use tar with a wildcard to make an archive of every object in the current directory?
tar -cf *
what does tar make by default?
an archive of copies of the original files/directories, while retaining the originals.
how can you remove files when using tar?
the –remove-files option.
what option is used to unpack a tar file?
-x for extract and -f are required, -v is optional to provide a running listing of the files being unpacked.
what option can be used alone with tar?
–help, or –version
what usually rely on other pieces of code to work?
packages of software
what might a game program need to do to make the physics of the game work?
some calculations
what might a game program have to do its calculations?
a dependency on a physics engine, and a rendering library to show the graphics
What is Counting on other pieces of software to make an application work, since one bit of code depends on another in order to work..
Having dependencies
A way to package a bunch of useful code that someone else wrote
library
how is a library bundled?
to a single unit
What are shared libraries called on Window?
DLL, dynamic link library
What is one useful feature of a dynamic link library?
the same DLL can be used by lots of different programs, which means that shared code doesn’t need to be loaded into memory for each application that wants to use it, and less memory is used overall
what do Windows applications typically have located together in a single installation package, along with an MSI file that tells Windows how to pull it together?
many dependencies
what file tells Windows how to put it all together in a program?
MSI file
What will a given installation package have?
all resources and dependencies like DLL in package.
What manages dependencies and makes sure they are available to the program?
The windows Installer
What was DLL hell?
different programs you wanted to run on your machine needed different versions of DLL or else they wouldn’t understand what was going on if you downloaded a new DLL to play a game as opposed to using a media player.
What are most resources and shared libraries managed by in Windows to fix DLL hell?
Side by side assemblies, or SXS
Where are most SXS stored?
in a folder at C:\Windows\winsxs
If an application needs to use a shared library to perform a task what will the library be specified in?
a manifest
What tells Windows to load the appropriate library from the SXS folder?
Manifest
What supports access to multiple versions of the same shared library automatically?
sxs
what bundles dependencies in installation packages?
sxs
what can you use to install and maintain the libraries and other dependencies that your software needs to use?
Windows Package manager
what cmdlet will let you find software and its dependencies? PowerShell
Find-Package
what is the name we give to Windows PowerShell commands that use the verb-noun format. There are hundreds, and you can write your own.
cmdlet, commandlet
what is a set of tools released by Microsoft that can help you troubleshoot all sorts of problems on your Windows computers?
Sys internals
where can you get sys internals?
microsoft website, or by using the package management feature.
How can you locate the Sys internals package in Powershell? to see if you can get it on your computer, or if it is a program your computer can access in order to install it.
Find-Package sysinternals -IncludeDependencies
what happens if you run
Find-Package sysinternals -IncludeDependencies
and get an error? no match found?
the default source of packages in PowerShell is in the PowerShell gallery, which doesn’t contain the sysinternals package.
What is Chocolatey?
where you find sysinternals, and all kinds of Windows software packages.
What do we need to do before we can install any packages? in PowerShell
we need to add a package source that tells our computer where it can find the packages we want to install.
how do we add something as a package source? what cmdlet do we use?
Register-PackageSource
why do we need to add Chocolatey as a package source?
because we want to use it to find our packages
Register-PackageSource -Name chocolatey -ProviderName Chocolatey -Location http://chocolatey.org/api/v2
what does this do? adds it as a package source.
what cmdlet do we use to verify that software v2 is good to go for this source?
Get-PackageSource command.
how do we locate our package and its dependencies again before installing it?
Find-Package sysinternals -IncludeDependencies
What cmdlet can we use to install the program sysinternals and its corresponding dependencies?
Install-Package
what are vital to the core functions of the windows OS?
Windows DLL files
what do some Windows-compatible applications use to function?
DLL files
What are DLL made up of?
programming modules that contain reusable code.
what can use and reuse the same DLL files?
multiple applications
What is used by many applications to provide Windows dialog box functions?
Comdlg32 DLL file
how did Microsoft remedy DLL dependency problems?
used the .net framework and other methods.
What does the reusable feature of DLL files do?
conserves disk space and use Ram more efficiently,which improves OS and application operating speed.
what does the DLL modular structure do?
makes updating a DLL file fast and simple, eliminating the need to update the whole library.
What are installed once for use by any number of applications?
DLL updates
What are some common DLLs used by Windows? common file extensions.
.drv files, .ocx files, .cpl files
what file extension is for files that are device drivers which manage the operation of physical devices like printers?
.drv files
what file extension is for files that provide controls like the program object for selecting a date from a calendar?
.ocx files, active X controls
what file extension is for files that manage each of the functions found in the Windows Control Panel?
.cpl files, control panel files
what can an app use to load parts of the app as modules?
DLL
What functionality is granted by loading parts of an app as modules?
if the application offers multiple functions, the app can selectively load only the modules that offer the functionality requested by the user.
when does a printer driver not need to be loaded into memory?
if the user doesn’t access the print function within an application
why does DLL system as it is now require the system to use less RAM to hold an application in working memory?
because we only need to load the dependencies and functions that we need at a time.
what is created when an application uses a DLL file?
a windows package dependency
what fails when an application overwrites the DLL dependency of another app?
the other app
What can delete the DLLs needed by other applications installed on a system?
applications and malware
What is DLL hell?
where an application installs a new version of the shared DLL for a computer system, but the other applications that are dependent on the shared DLL have not been updated to be compatible with it, which causes them to fail when the user tries to launch them. Applying upgrades or fixes to DLLs.
When can a user cause a problem by reinstalling an older application that stopped working after a shared DLL file was upgraded by a newer app?
the reinstallation of the app that uses the old DLL version can overwrite the new DLL file, which can cause the new app with the shared DLL dependency to fail when it next tries to run.
What controls the updates and deletions of system DLL files, and will only let applications with valid digital signatures to update and delete DLL files?
Windows File Protection
What removes the sharing option from DLLs by creating a private version of the DLL and storing it in the application’s rot folder? Changes to the shared version of the DLL won’t affect the application’s private copy.
Private DLLs
What resolves the DLL hell problem by allowing an application to add an updated version of a DLL file without removing the older version of the DLL file? Preventing the malfunction of applications that have dependencies on the older DLL file.
.NET Framework assembly versioning
Where can DLL versions be found?
C:\Windows\assembly path
What cache are DLL versions found in?
Global Assembly Cache, GAC.
What does the GAC contain?
the .NET “Strong Name Assembly” of each DLL file version.
What does the “Strong Name Assembly” include?
*name of the assembly
*version number
*culture
*public key token
What Strong Name Assembly inclusion is: multiple DLL files can share this?
name of the assembly
what differentiates the version of DLLs in Strong Name Assembly?
Version number
in strong name assembly, what is the country or region where teh application is deployed and can be “neutral”?
culture
what, in Strong Name Assembly, is a uniqe 16 character key assigned to an assembly when it is built?
public key token
What can be locate in side-by-side assemblies?
DLLs and dependencies
What is a public or private resource collection that is available to applications during run time?
Side-by-side assembly
what assemblies contain XML files called manifests?
side-by-side assemblies
What contain data similar to the configuration settings and other data that applications traditionally stored in the Windows registry?
manifests
where do applications store their shared, side-by-side assembly manifests?
the WinSXS folder of the computer
Where are private manifests stored?
inside the application’s folder or embedded in an application or assembly
what can the metadata of a manifest include?
names, resource collection, classes, dependencies
in a manifest’s metadata, what manages file naming/
names
in a manifest’s metadata, what can include One or more DLL, COM server, Windows classes, interfaces, and/or type libraries?
resource collections
in a manifests metadata, what is included if versioning is used?
classes
it a manifest’s metadata, what can applications and assemblies create to other side-by-side assemblies?
Dependencies
What should be considered when troubleshooting application issues?
manifests
where can application configuration settings be found if they are not found in the Windows registry?
the manifest from the app’s side-by-side assembly.
