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Comm 226: Business Technology Management > Module 3 from casa: productivity and innovation chapter 5 > Flashcards

Module 3 from casa: productivity and innovation chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

why do we need innovation?

A

In order to enhance productivity

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2
Q

productivity paradox

A

we see computers everywhere but in productivity statistics

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3
Q

3 different ways through which value of IT can be realized

A

• productivity (more or better output from same inputs)

• structure of competition
- IT can alter the way corporations compete

• benefits to the end customer- helps make processes more efficient

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4
Q

why is btm (business technology management) important for productivity and innovation?

A

it includes technologies that can enhance individual and organizational productivity across many industries

seen as an invisible industry sector

The need for students with combined technology and business skills has increased the need for educational programs that combine business and tech training

Universities across Canada are developing programs for BTM

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5
Q

why is btm seen as an invisible industry sector?

A

because it doesn’t produce direct output as other industries do

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6
Q

what does increasing efficiency mean?

A

business processes can be accomplished more quickly or with fewer resources and facilities (or both)

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7
Q

when is efficiency easy to measure?

A

once you have decided what measures are important

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8
Q

effectiveness

A

focus on doing the right things

doing the right things

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9
Q

how do information systems improve productivity?

A

by increasing efficiency

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10
Q

value chain

A

network of activities that improve effectiveness (or value) of a good or service

Made up of at least one and often many business processes

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11
Q

how do intermediaries in the value chain add value?

A

by adding to product or adding services to product

the more a company adds to a good or service in its value chain, the higher the price the company can charge for the final product

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12
Q

profit margin

A

the difference between price paid for¡ the product and cost to make it

the greater the margin, the greater the profit

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13
Q

what are the two types of activities that support the value chain?

A

primary activities

support activities

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14
Q

primary activities

A

directly adding value to product

installing

manufacturing

shipping

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15
Q

support activities

A

activities that support the primary activities

only add value indirectly

maintaining machines in factories

paying workers

keep track of mechanics hours

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16
Q

what does increasing the efficiency and effectiveness do to profit margin? how?

A

it increases the profit margin

the intensity of each force determines the characteristics of the industry, its profitability, and its sustainability

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17
Q

what does Porter’s five forces model determine?

A

determines the industry profitability

the int

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18
Q

what are Porter’s five forces?

A

Bargaining power of customers

Threat of substitutions

Bargaining power of suppliers

Threat of new entrants

Rivalry among existing firms

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19
Q

what do companies do with Porter’s model?

A

to be successful, they analyze the forces and choose how to respond to them

basically, they choose competitive strategies

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20
Q

what are the 4 types of competitive strategies to respond to Porter’s model?

A

be a cost leader

differentiate products

employ the cost or differentiation strategy across an industry

segmentation

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21
Q

what does porter ultimately believe when it comes to companies’ effectiveness?
how does it translate to information systems?

A

to be effective, a company’s goals, objectives, culture, and activities must be consistent with the strategies

all information systems must facilitate and be aligned with an organization’s competitive strategy

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22
Q

what are the 2 general types of technological innovations?

A

sustaining technologies

disruptive technologies

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23
Q

sustaining technologies

A

changes in technology that maintain rate of improvement in customer value

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24
Q

disruptive technologies

A

introduce a very new package of attributes to the accepted mainstream products

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25
Q

can a competitive advantage be so based that it creates a whole new industry?

A

yeeee

like with micro computers

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26
Q

diffusion of innovation

A

process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among members of a social system

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27
Q

what are the steps of the diffusion of innovation?

A
  1. knowledge
  2. persuasion
  3. decision
  4. implementation
  5. confirmation
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28
Q

diffusion of innovation

step 1: knowledge

A

first hear about innovation but lack info about it

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29
Q

diffusion of innovation

step 2: persuasion

A

become interested in innovation, find out more about it

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30
Q

diffusion of innovation

step 3: decision

A

consider pros and cons of adopting

make decision to Accept or Refuse

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31
Q

diffusion of innovation

step 4: implementation

A

use innovation and figure out whether to continue using it

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32
Q

diffusion of innovation

step 5: confirmation

A

use innovation to its full potential

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33
Q

what can competitive advantages be created by?

A

products/services

development of business processes

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34
Q

how can products and services create a competitive advantage’

A

by creating new ones

by enhancing existing ones

by differentiating them

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35
Q

how can business processes create competitive advantages’

A

making expensive for customers to switch to competitors, so they end up staying

looking suppliers by making it expensive for them to switch

creating entry barriers

establishing alliances with other organizations

36
Q

what advantages does creating alliances with other business organizations do?

A

create standards

promote product awareness and needs

develop market size

reduce purchasing costs

provide other benefits

37
Q

can the competitive advantages created by information systems be sustained?

A

it depends, because other companies copy them all the time turning them into commodities

but, sometimes companies need different information systems depending on their structure

38
Q

where does long term competitive advantage with information systems lie?

A

in how a company and its people adopt the technology

39
Q

Sustained competitive advantage from IT

A

requires companies to find a distinctive way to compete that will change over time

developing people and procedures that are well supported by the underlying technology

40
Q

what are the components of business processes

A

activity

actors

role

41
Q

business processes

A

a sequence of activities for accomplishing a function

example: taking orders at time Hortons
example: making a sandwich at Tim Hortons

42
Q

activity of a business process

A

task within a business process

task involved in completing business process

ex: document collection necessary to accomplish an activity

43
Q

actors in a business process

A

resources who are either humans or computers

they accomplish certain tasks in the process

44
Q

role in a business process

A

category of activities in a business process that is performed by a particular actors

45
Q

what are the three categories of processes

A

Strategic processes

managerial processes

operational processes

46
Q

operational processes

A

commonplace, routine, everyday business processes

operation processes schedule the equipment, people and facilities

day to day tasks with structured processes focusing on efficiency

47
Q

managerial processes

A

resource use

planning, assessing, and analyzing the resources used by the company in pursuit its objectives

48
Q

whats the term of information systems used to facilitate managerial processes?

A

TPS (Transaction processing systems)

49
Q

strategic processes

A

seek to resolve issues that have long range impact on the organization

these processes have broad scope and impact most of the firm

often made by executives

50
Q

whats the term of information systems used to support strategic processes?

A

executive support systems (ESS)

51
Q

what does an effective objective do?

A

helps achieve organizational strategy

seeks more output with the same inputs or the same output with fewer inputs

defined by management

must be properly communicated

52
Q

efficiency

A

doing things right

53
Q

the difference between effectiveness and efficiency

A

efficiency is doing things right, whereas effectiveness is doing the right things

54
Q

what do inbound logistics do?

A

receives

stores

disseminates product input

55
Q

procurement

A

operational process that acquires goods and services

56
Q

what do the outbound logistics processes do?

A

collect, store and distribute products to buyers

concern the management of finished goods inventory and the movement of goods from that inventory to the customer

ex: sales process

57
Q

service processes

A

Providing after sales and customer support

Includes track orders

customer support

customer support training

58
Q

human ressources processes

A

asses the motivations and skills of employees

create job position

investigate employee complaints

staff, train, and evaluate personnel

59
Q

technology development processes

A

designing, testing, and developing technologies in support of the primary activities

60
Q

what is the first step in the OMIS model?

A

to specify and if possible improve the objectives for the process

61
Q

what is the second step in the OMIS model?

A

specify and if possible improve how each objective is measured.

62
Q

how are the best objective measures? what are measures?

A

reasonable

accurate

consistent

Measures, also called metrics are quantities assigned to attributes

they indicate performance of objective

key objective indicators

63
Q

how are reasonable objective measures?

A

is a measure that is valid and compelling

64
Q

how can organization use IS to improve processes?

A

improve the efficiency or effectiveness of the activities

improving the links among activities that are either in the same process or among activities in different process

is to improve control of the process

65
Q

linkage

A

The impact of one activity on another activity

66
Q

NON-IS process improvements

A

add more resources without changing structure

change the structure of the process without changing allocation of ressources

67
Q

what does Six sigma do?

A

seeks to improve process outputs by removing causes of defects and minimizing variability to the process

68
Q

AS IS diagrams

A

Diagrams of current process

69
Q

OUGHT-TO-BE DIAGRAMS

A

Diagrams of suggested process improvements

70
Q

how can IS also reduce process efficiency and effectiveness and limit its improvement

A

by storing data in multiple places

71
Q

information silos

A

a condition that exists when data is isolated in separated information systems

or

a condition that exists when data is duplicated in various files and databases

Information silos can make process inefficient

Information silos can make processes ineffective

72
Q

how can information silos make processes ineffective

A

anytime data is transcribed from one place to another or entered in two places, errors can occur

73
Q

what is the most obvious fix to eliminate information silos

A

to store a single copy of data in a shared database and revising business processes to use that database

74
Q

why do companies deliberately store data in separate databases which then creates information silos

A

organizational departments prefer to control the systems they use

they can save on costs when many processes in many departments all rely on the same IS

departmental IS are much more affordable

75
Q

SOA (service oriented architecture)

A

new IS approach designed to make it easier to share data amongst process activities

a design in which every activity is modeled as an encapsulated service

76
Q

in the Service Oriented Architecture, what governed the exchanges among services

A

standards

77
Q

SOA service

A

a repeatable task that a business needs to perform

needs access to data to be efficient

78
Q

encapsulation

A

The key term in SOA definition

hides details inside a container

79
Q

what does encapsulation do in Networks?

A

used to allow devices to communicate containers of data without being concerned about the data inside

80
Q

SOA standards

A

allows messages and data to be exchanged among services

eliminated the need for proprietary design and expanded the scope and importance of SOA

can improve the efficiency and Effectiveness of a process in the same ways an IS improves processes

SOA makes activities easier and hence less costly to access

81
Q

why standardize business processes?

A

enforce policy

consistency

scalable for change

risk reduction

82
Q

swim lanes of a business process

A

all of the activities in one role For one actor)

83
Q

structure processes

A

formal activities that don’t change from day-to-day

ex: making a coffee at Tim Hortons (one way of doing it)

84
Q

dynamic processes

A

informal activities that aren’t always done the same way

ex: a sales rep at future shop that changes approach with each client

85
Q

whats the term of information systems used to support managerial processes?

A

Managerial Information Systems (MIS)

86
Q

how does IT help business processes

A

improve activity

improve data flow

improve control

improve procedures

automation

87
Q

bottleneck

A

when an activity slows down the whole process

Comm 226: Business Technology Management (15 decks)

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