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Comm 226: Business Technology Management > module 2 notes from CASA JMSB > Flashcards

module 2 notes from CASA JMSB Flashcards

1
Q

what is the true understanding of technology?

A

is understanding past and present technology

You can consider how it will work in business

its + and – affects on society

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2
Q

WHERE DID ALL THIS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STUFF COME FROM?

A
  • First computing devices were in 1940s
  • First commercial comps in 1950s
  • First PCs in 1980s
  • Cell phones –> 1990s after world wide web invented
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3
Q

who financed the earliest of computers? why? what time period?

A

Early comps financed by US military

First were firing tables for ballistic missiles

between 1939 - 1952

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4
Q

how were the first computers?

A

large

complex

expensive

ran one program at a time

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5
Q

how are mainframes?

A

Large

room-sized

based on now obsolete vacuum tube technology

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6
Q

who uses mainframes?

A

businesses and governments

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7
Q

how much do mainframes cost?

A

$200,00o to $400,000

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8
Q

what can mainframes do?

A

Add or subtract 16,000 numbers per second

designed for fast processing and massive storage

will be more useful for the future

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9
Q

what are second generation mainframes?

A

transistors

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10
Q

what are third generation mainframes? what type of capabilities do they have?

A

operating systems

multiprocessing capabilities

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11
Q

how much do third generation mainframes cost?

A

millions of dollars

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12
Q

how many users can interact with a mainframe?

A

one at a time

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13
Q

what is the time span of the existence of mainframes?

A

1952 - Present

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14
Q

what is the time span of the existence of microcomputers?

A

1975 - PRESENT

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15
Q

when did microprocessors first pull up? who created them?

A

early 1970s

TI and Intel

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16
Q

what was in the microprocessor that pulled up?

A

CPU

short term memory into a single chip using integrated circuits (IC)

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17
Q

how were the first microcomputer sin 1975?

A

No screen

users had to develop programs

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18
Q

who created programming languages (BASIC) and OS’s (DOS) for microcomputers?

A

Microsoft

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19
Q

what is the time span of the existence of networking personal computers?

A

1985 - PRESENT

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20
Q

who solved the lack of networking capability (networking personal computers)

A

LAN

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21
Q

what is the ethernet?

A

set of rules

protocols that allow connected devices to communicate and share info

can connect many PCs together

shared access to data, printers, peripherals

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22
Q

when was WAN made (networking personal computers)?

A

1980s

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23
Q

what is the time span of the existence of mobile and tablet computing?

A

LATE 1990s-PRESENT

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24
Q

what prompted the existence or further exposed even smaller computer devices such as mobiles and tablets?

A

dot com bubble

reducing the costs of cellular technology

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25
Q

dot com bubble

A

new internet companies funded by venture capitalists and went bankrupt

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26
Q

hardware

A

physical and electronic components and related gadgetry

input, process, output, store data according to instructions encoded in computer programs or software

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27
Q

what are the 4 components that computers consists of?

A

input

processing

output

storage

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28
Q

computer input devices

A

one of two most visible or familiar parts of the computer

keyboard, mouse, scanner, mic, etc

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29
Q

computer processing

A

CPU

main memory

special function cards

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30
Q

computer output hardware

A

more familiar or common part of a computer

Most physical interaction with computer user by producing/displaying desired results of a computational task/request

video display, printer, speaker, plotter, projector, etc

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31
Q

computer storage hardware

A

saves data and programs

magnetic disk

optical disk

magnetic tape

SSD

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32
Q

CPU

A

central processing unit

Brain of the computer

Selects instructions

processes said instructions

performs arithmetic comparisons

stores results of operations in memory

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33
Q

how is the CPU speed measured in?

A

Hertz (hz)

kilohertz (kHz)

megahertz (mHz)

gigahertz (GHz)

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34
Q

what does the type of CPU you use depend on?

A

the type of computing you do?

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35
Q

what is the CPU’s (processing unit’s) main memory?

A

RAM

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36
Q

how do the CPU and RAM canton together?

A

• Cpu reads data/instructions from RAM and stores results of computations in the main memory

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37
Q

special function cards

A

added to computers to augment each of its components

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38
Q

what are binary digits for?

A

computers represent data in binary digits

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39
Q

what are bits

A

bits are the binary data

the 0s and 1s

40
Q

what is an open switch for a bit?

A

the 0

41
Q

what is an closed switch for a bit?

A

the 1

42
Q

what does a small reflection on the surface of disks mean?

binary digits

A

reflection is a 1

43
Q

what does no reflection on the surface of disks mean?

binary digits

A

no reflection is 0

44
Q

bytes

A

8 bits

45
Q

kilobyte (K)

A

1024 bytes

46
Q

Megabyte (MB)

A

1024 kilobytes

47
Q

Gigabyte

A

1024 Megabytes

48
Q

terabyte

A

1024 Gigabytes

49
Q

how does a computer work?

what must the CPU do?

A

CPU is a major actor

CPU must first transfer program/data from disk to main memory

Move instructions from main memory into the CPU

CPU loads programs into the memory in sections

50
Q

how do instructions from the main memory go to the CPU?

A

CPU by the data channel or bus

51
Q

what is the cache?

A

the small amount very fast memory in the CPU

52
Q

what does the computer’s main memory contain?

A

program instructions for Excel

instructions for operating system

53
Q

what does the operating system do?

A

controls computers resources and data blocks

54
Q

how does the CPU load programs?

A

into the memory in sections

55
Q

why does the CPU remove blocks of memories?

A

to store more memory for opened program

56
Q

memory swapping

A

CPU removing blocks of memories to store more memory for opened program

57
Q

why should a manager care about the computer cache and main memory?

A

they are volatile

lost when power goes off

58
Q

why should a manager care about the USB, magnetic disks, and optical disks?

A

they are non volatile

59
Q

herts

A

speed or number of cycles per second a computer works at

60
Q

gigahertz

A

billion cycles per second

61
Q

what is the difference between a client and a server?

A

a client connects to a network

a server provides services services (facebook, google, amazon, youtube, etc) accessed by computers

62
Q

what is a server farm?

A

server that is a large collection of computers that coordinate activities

63
Q

cloud computing

A

hardware, software, applications provided as a service, usually through a web browser

64
Q

grid computing

A

several computers used to address a single problem at the same time

65
Q

what does grid computing use to solve the problem with several computers?

A

software to divide and apportion pieces of a program among several computers

66
Q

how is software categorized?

A

operating system

application software

67
Q

application software

A

programs that perform specific user tasks

68
Q

what are the two important software constraints managers need to know about?

A

Each version of OS is developed for particular type of hardware

Application programs are written to use on a particular OS

69
Q

what are the 4 major operating systems?

A

windows

Mac OSX

Unix

Linux

70
Q

Windows

A

Business users

On more than 85% of world’s desktops

71
Q

Mac OSX

A

Apple computers can run it in windows

Accounts for less than 1/10 computer purchases

Selling price is much higher

72
Q

Unix

A

Developed at bell labs in the 1970s

Workhorse of the scientific and engineering communities

More difficult to use than windows or mac

Arcane language for manipulating files/data

Not used by average business user

73
Q

Linux

A

Developed by open-source community

No fee to use it

used for servers (web servers in particular)

IBM is primary proponent of Linux (no licence fee to use it)

74
Q

what is the difference between owning and licensing a `program?

A

What is actually purchased is a LICENCE to use that program, not program itself

No one can sell you a licence to use Linux

75
Q

what categories of application programs exist?

A

horizontal market application software

vertical market application software

one of a kind application software

CRM application software

76
Q

horizontal market application software

A

provides capabilities common across all organizations and industries

such as Word processors, graphics programs, spreadsheets, presentation programs

77
Q

vertical market application software

A

serves needs of specific industry

ex: Dental offices use a specific program

78
Q

one of a kind application software

A

for specific, unique need

ex: Canada Revenue Agency develops their own software because of specific requirements that no other organization has

79
Q

CRM application software

A

both vertical and horizontal

specific industry, unique needs

80
Q

how can one buy computer softwares?

A

Off the shelf

Off the shelf with alterations

Tailor made (custom developed software)

81
Q

why is Tailor made (custom developed software) difficult and risky?

A

Costs are usually higher than forecasted

Adaptation of the software to company changes over time is costly

82
Q

are browsers application software or operating softwares?

A

they have a bit of both

creates debates on which one they belong to

83
Q

firmware

A

computer software installed into such devices as printers, print servers, various types of communication devices

84
Q

what happens with programs using firmware?

A

programs become part of the device’s memory

85
Q

what type of software is the driver software?

A

utility software

86
Q

give examples of utility software

A

disk optimization

data encryption

file/data recovery

87
Q

what is the difference between a thin client and thick client

A

a thin client is an app that requires nothing more than a browser

a thicc client is an app that requires programs other than a browser on a computer such as Microsoft outlook

thick client does not need access to network to run, sostill available if internet is down

88
Q

what does thin and thick mean when talking about a client?

A

refer to amount of code needed to run on client comp

89
Q

virus

A

computer program that replicates itself

it ends up consuming computer resources

90
Q

payload

A

program code that causes unwanted activity

it can delete programs, data, modify data in undetectable way

91
Q

how do macro-viruses work?

A

attach themselves to word, excel, other documents

When the infected doc is opened, virus places itself in startup files of app

After that, virus infects every file that app creates/processes

92
Q

worm

A

virus that propagates using the Internet or other computer network

93
Q

why do worms spread faster?

A

because they are programmed to spread

94
Q

what is a zombie

A

computer infected with worm or virus

95
Q

botnet

A

set of compromised computers and apps coordinated thru a network to perform malicious tasks

96
Q

what is a patch?

A

fixes security holes in computer programs

97
Q

what can computers use to avoid viruses?

A

antivirus programs

Comm 226: Business Technology Management (15 decks)

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