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Comm 226: Business Technology Management > module 2 notes from CASA JMSB > Flashcards

module 2 notes from CASA JMSB Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

what is the true understanding of technology?

A

is understanding past and present technology

You can consider how it will work in business

its + and – affects on society

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2
Q

WHERE DID ALL THIS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STUFF COME FROM?

A
  • First computing devices were in 1940s
  • First commercial comps in 1950s
  • First PCs in 1980s
  • Cell phones –> 1990s after world wide web invented
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3
Q

who financed the earliest of computers? why? what time period?

A

Early comps financed by US military

First were firing tables for ballistic missiles

between 1939 - 1952

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4
Q

how were the first computers?

A

large

complex

expensive

ran one program at a time

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5
Q

how are mainframes?

A

Large

room-sized

based on now obsolete vacuum tube technology

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6
Q

who uses mainframes?

A

businesses and governments

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7
Q

how much do mainframes cost?

A

$200,00o to $400,000

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8
Q

what can mainframes do?

A

Add or subtract 16,000 numbers per second

designed for fast processing and massive storage

will be more useful for the future

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9
Q

what are second generation mainframes?

A

transistors

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10
Q

what are third generation mainframes? what type of capabilities do they have?

A

operating systems

multiprocessing capabilities

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11
Q

how much do third generation mainframes cost?

A

millions of dollars

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12
Q

how many users can interact with a mainframe?

A

one at a time

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13
Q

what is the time span of the existence of mainframes?

A

1952 - Present

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14
Q

what is the time span of the existence of microcomputers?

A

1975 - PRESENT

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15
Q

when did microprocessors first pull up? who created them?

A

early 1970s

TI and Intel

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16
Q

what was in the microprocessor that pulled up?

A

CPU

short term memory into a single chip using integrated circuits (IC)

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17
Q

how were the first microcomputer sin 1975?

A

No screen

users had to develop programs

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18
Q

who created programming languages (BASIC) and OS’s (DOS) for microcomputers?

A

Microsoft

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19
Q

what is the time span of the existence of networking personal computers?

A

1985 - PRESENT

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20
Q

who solved the lack of networking capability (networking personal computers)

A

LAN

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21
Q

what is the ethernet?

A

set of rules

protocols that allow connected devices to communicate and share info

can connect many PCs together

shared access to data, printers, peripherals

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22
Q

when was WAN made (networking personal computers)?

A

1980s

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23
Q

what is the time span of the existence of mobile and tablet computing?

A

LATE 1990s-PRESENT

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24
Q

what prompted the existence or further exposed even smaller computer devices such as mobiles and tablets?

A

dot com bubble

reducing the costs of cellular technology

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25
dot com bubble
new internet companies funded by venture capitalists and went bankrupt
26
hardware
physical and electronic components and related gadgetry input, process, output, store data according to instructions encoded in computer programs or software
27
what are the 4 components that computers consists of?
input processing output storage
28
computer input devices
one of two most visible or familiar parts of the computer keyboard, mouse, scanner, mic, etc
29
computer processing
CPU main memory special function cards
30
computer output hardware
more familiar or common part of a computer Most physical interaction with computer user by producing/displaying desired results of a computational task/request video display, printer, speaker, plotter, projector, etc
31
computer storage hardware
saves data and programs magnetic disk optical disk magnetic tape SSD
32
CPU
central processing unit Brain of the computer Selects instructions processes said instructions performs arithmetic comparisons stores results of operations in memory
33
how is the CPU speed measured in?
Hertz (hz) kilohertz (kHz) megahertz (mHz) gigahertz (GHz)
34
what does the type of CPU you use depend on?
the type of computing you do?
35
what is the CPU's (processing unit's) main memory?
RAM
36
how do the CPU and RAM canton together?
• Cpu reads data/instructions from RAM and stores results of computations in the main memory
37
special function cards
added to computers to augment each of its components
38
what are binary digits for?
computers represent data in binary digits
39
what are bits
bits are the binary data the 0s and 1s
40
what is an open switch for a bit?
the 0
41
what is an closed switch for a bit?
the 1
42
what does a small reflection on the surface of disks mean? | binary digits
reflection is a 1
43
what does no reflection on the surface of disks mean? | binary digits
no reflection is 0
44
bytes
8 bits
45
kilobyte (K)
1024 bytes
46
Megabyte (MB)
1024 kilobytes
47
Gigabyte
1024 Megabytes
48
terabyte
1024 Gigabytes
49
how does a computer work? what must the CPU do?
CPU is a major actor CPU must first transfer program/data from disk to main memory Move instructions from main memory into the CPU CPU loads programs into the memory in sections
50
how do instructions from the main memory go to the CPU?
CPU by the data channel or bus
51
what is the cache?
the small amount very fast memory in the CPU
52
what does the computer's main memory contain?
program instructions for Excel instructions for operating system
53
what does the operating system do?
controls computers resources and data blocks
54
how does the CPU load programs?
into the memory in sections
55
why does the CPU remove blocks of memories?
to store more memory for opened program
56
memory swapping
CPU removing blocks of memories to store more memory for opened program
57
why should a manager care about the computer cache and main memory?
they are volatile lost when power goes off
58
why should a manager care about the USB, magnetic disks, and optical disks?
they are non volatile
59
herts
speed or number of cycles per second a computer works at
60
gigahertz
billion cycles per second
61
what is the difference between a client and a server?
a client connects to a network a server provides services services (facebook, google, amazon, youtube, etc) accessed by computers
62
what is a server farm?
server that is a large collection of computers that coordinate activities
63
cloud computing
hardware, software, applications provided as a service, usually through a web browser
64
grid computing
several computers used to address a single problem at the same time
65
what does grid computing use to solve the problem with several computers?
software to divide and apportion pieces of a program among several computers
66
how is software categorized?
operating system application software
67
application software
programs that perform specific user tasks
68
what are the two important software constraints managers need to know about?
Each version of OS is developed for particular type of hardware Application programs are written to use on a particular OS
69
what are the 4 major operating systems?
windows Mac OSX Unix Linux
70
Windows
Business users On more than 85% of world’s desktops
71
Mac OSX
Apple computers can run it in windows Accounts for less than 1/10 computer purchases Selling price is much higher
72
Unix
Developed at bell labs in the 1970s Workhorse of the scientific and engineering communities More difficult to use than windows or mac Arcane language for manipulating files/data Not used by average business user
73
Linux
Developed by open-source community No fee to use it used for servers (web servers in particular) IBM is primary proponent of Linux (no licence fee to use it)
74
what is the difference between owning and licensing a `program?
What is actually purchased is a LICENCE to use that program, not program itself No one can sell you a licence to use Linux
75
what categories of application programs exist?
horizontal market application software vertical market application software one of a kind application software CRM application software
76
horizontal market application software
provides capabilities common across all organizations and industries such as Word processors, graphics programs, spreadsheets, presentation programs
77
vertical market application software
serves needs of specific industry ex: Dental offices use a specific program
78
one of a kind application software
for specific, unique need ex: Canada Revenue Agency develops their own software because of specific requirements that no other organization has
79
CRM application software
both vertical and horizontal | specific industry, unique needs
80
how can one buy computer softwares?
Off the shelf Off the shelf with alterations Tailor made (custom developed software)
81
why is Tailor made (custom developed software) difficult and risky?
Costs are usually higher than forecasted Adaptation of the software to company changes over time is costly
82
are browsers application software or operating softwares?
they have a bit of both creates debates on which one they belong to
83
firmware
computer software installed into such devices as printers, print servers, various types of communication devices
84
what happens with programs using firmware?
programs become part of the device's memory
85
what type of software is the driver software?
utility software
86
give examples of utility software
disk optimization data encryption file/data recovery
87
what is the difference between a thin client and thick client
a thin client is an app that requires nothing more than a browser a thicc client is an app that requires programs other than a browser on a computer such as Microsoft outlook thick client does not need access to network to run, sostill available if internet is down
88
what does thin and thick mean when talking about a client?
refer to amount of code needed to run on client comp
89
virus
computer program that replicates itself it ends up consuming computer resources
90
payload
program code that causes unwanted activity it can delete programs, data, modify data in undetectable way
91
how do macro-viruses work?
attach themselves to word, excel, other documents When the infected doc is opened, virus places itself in startup files of app After that, virus infects every file that app creates/processes
92
worm
virus that propagates using the Internet or other computer network
93
why do worms spread faster?
because they are programmed to spread
94
what is a zombie
computer infected with worm or virus
95
botnet
set of compromised computers and apps coordinated thru a network to perform malicious tasks
96
what is a patch?
fixes security holes in computer programs
97
what can computers use to avoid viruses?
antivirus programs

Comm 226: Business Technology Management (15 decks)

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