Module 20 (Hearing/Consciousness) Flashcards

1
Q

Cochlea

A

-a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear
-sound waves traveling through cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses

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2
Q

Changes in air pressure

A

-Frequency (changes pitch) depends on cycles per second (hertz)
-Amplitude (changes loudness) depends on high/low (decibels)

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3
Q

Basilar membrane

A

-a mechanical structure in the inner ear that separates sound into different frequencies
-contains small hair cells that bend, causing neurons to fire action potentials

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4
Q

Hearing loss

A

-ear buds (close to ear) cause low-frequency hearing loss (common in young adults)
-maximum is about 100-110 decibels
-at 60 decibels, safe

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5
Q

Cochlear implants

A

-devices for people with complete deafness
-electrodes implanted in cochlear near auditory nerve, directly stimulates it

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6
Q

Consciousness

A

-what we are aware of at any given time
-what we sense/perceive
-affected by attention, altered states (drugs), wakefulness

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7
Q

Stroop effect

A

-show 3 different column (rectangles, words, and colors)
-reading= automatic
-color naming= controlled

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8
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

-24-hour body clock
-alertness, body temp, and hormone release function on circadian rhythm
-follows 25-hour clock

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9
Q

Stages of sleep

A

-awake
-drowsy
-stage 1 (theta waves prominent)
-stage 2 (sleep spindles)
-slow wave sleep (stage 3 and 4, delta waves)
-REM-sleep (low-voltage, high frequency, similar to awake)

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10
Q

REM (rapid eye movement) sleep

A

-one of most important brain stages
-brain activity closest to waking state
-muscles are most relaxed
-least likely to sleep walk (most likely around stage 1)
-deprivation results in REM rebound
-awakening during REM results in 90% reporting dreaming

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11
Q

Stages of sleep throughout night

A

-4-5 cycles per night (each cycle ~90 minutes)
-begins in stage 1, stage 4 after around 30 min.
-easiest to wake/more alert in earlier cycles
-least alert in REM
-duration of REM increases throughout night, while stage 4 decreases

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12
Q

How much sleep do people need?

A

-most need 7-9
-small percent need less/more
-as you get older, total time asleep decreases, total time in REM remains steady

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