Module 2 - Protein synthesis Flashcards
The component molecules of proteins - organic acids that contain a basic amino group, and a carboxyl group
Amino acids
A triplet of neucleotides in DNA or mRNA that acts as a code for a specific amino acid
Codon
The bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of a second amino acid
Peptide bond
Formation of a strand of mRNA in which the sequence of bases is determined by the sequences of bases in DNA
Transcription
The copying of the genetic code from DNA to mRNA
Transcription
Where does transcription take place?
In the nucleus
The synthesis of new protein on a ribosome
Translation
The genetic code carried by the mRNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in protein
Translation
Organelles that are the sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
What are the nine things that proteins are important for? S E N T H M A I R
Structural Enzymes Neuropeptides Transport Hormones Mechanical motion Antibodies Ion channels Receptors
What are the building blocks for proteins?
Amino acids
How are amino acids joined together?
Peptide bonds
Amino acids are linked together by ————– ————-
Dehydration synthesis
One DNA strand used to make
mRNA
mRNA is the same as the ————– ———-
Coding strand
DNA is first transcribed into
Pre-mRNA
In Pre-mRNA ———- removed, ————- joined
introns; exons
mRNA leaves nucleus, enters ————- and then ———— occurs
Cytoplasm; translation
occurs in cytoplasm on ribosomes
translation
Second step in synthesis of protein
translation
nucleotide sequence in mRNA ——————- into amino acids needed for formation of the ————
translated; protein
Stop —— and ———— ————— = end of message translated
Codon; release factor
———————- strand used to make mRNA
Non-coding
Three base sequence in DNA (triplet)
Three base sequence in mRNA (codon)
codes for an amino acid
Codons
