Module 1 - Fluid homeostasis

Question 1

What are the 5 ways that the body can balance fluids and electrolytes

Answer 1

Thirst mechanism Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Aldosterone and Renin-Angiotensin Pathway Atrial Natriuretic hormone (ANH) Sodium/potassium pump

Question 2

The driving force behind fluid intake

Answer 2

Thirst mechanisms

Question 3

↑ Osmotic pressure of ECF →

Answer 3

Dehydration or ↓ blood volume

Question 4

↑ thirst

Answer 4

Drink H2o = restore receptors

Question 5

Antidiuretic leads to

Answer 5

↓ urine

Question 6

Diuretic leads to

Answer 6

↑ urine

Question 7

A hormone responsible for water retention, aka vasopressin

Answer 7

Anti-diuretc hormone (ADH)

Question 8

Name the 2 overall efFects of ADH

Answer 8

Increases water content Lowers plasma sodium content

Question 9

↑ sodium → ↑ ADH → Increased water re-absorption (by kidneys) →

Answer 9

↓ urine output

Question 10

↓ Sodium → ↓ ADH → Decreased water re-absorption (by kidneys) →

Answer 10

↑ urine output

Question 11

Diuretics effect →

Answer 11

reduce ADH secretion

Question 12

An adrenal gland hormone involved in regulation of output of fluid

Answer 12

Aldosterone

Question 13

Aldosterone regulates electrolyte concentration in ————- fluid

Answer 13

Extracellular

Question 14

The primary task of aldosterone is

Answer 14

Sodium balance

Question 15

Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to

Answer 15

reabsorb sodium

Question 16

Describe the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

Answer 16

Question 17

Regulation of output can also be managed by A—– N———- H——-

Answer 17

Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)

Question 18

ANH release inhibits V————– and Sodium and water retention which leads to ——– renal water loss, which leads to Reduced —– ——– and —– ——

Answer 18

Vasoconstriction

Increased

Blood pressure

Blood volume

Question 19

When output of fluid is greater than intake

Answer 19

Dehydration occurs

Question 20

Name 3 causes of dehydration

Answer 20

Rapid breathing

sweating

Vomiting/diarrhoea

Question 21

Name 4 groups of people who are at risk for dehydration

Answer 21

Babies

the elderly

Athletes

People with diabetes

Question 22

5 early signs of dehydration

Answer 22

Weight loss

Cottony mouth

thirs

Decreased urine output

Impaired performance in athletes

Question 23

5 signs of prolonged dehydration

Answer 23

Weight loss

fever

mental confusion

irritability

Pale cold extremities - peripheral shutdown

Question 24

Fluid excess can be caused by

Answer 24

Hypotonic hydration

Question 25

Fluid excess leads to ——- ECF

Answer 25

diluted

Question 26

Hyponatremia = reduced ECF sodium

Answer 26

Hypotonic

Question 27

Symptoms of fluid excess

Answer 27

Vomiting

muscular cramps

Cerebral oedema –> Convulsions, coma, death

Question 28

Fluid excess can also be caused by ——

Answer 28

Oedema

Question 29

Oedema involves swelling of —— but not ——

Answer 29

tissue; cells

Question 30

Oedema is caused by impaired T—– F——-

Answer 30

Tissue function

Question 31

Oedema results in ——— blood volume and blood pressure

Answer 31

Decreased

Question 32

6 types of replacement fluids

Answer 32

Water

Juices

Sports drinks

IV drip

Oral rehydration fluids

Nutritional supplements

Question 33

Iv fluids are —tonic

Answer 33

Iso

Question 34

Isotonic losses need ——— replacement fluids

Answer 34

Isotonic

Question 35

——— sports drinks are better for hydration

Answer 35

Hypotonic

Question 36

Hypertonic drinks are —– calorie drinks

Answer 36

High

Question 37

Water is a ———- drink

Answer 37

Hypotonic

Question 38

Which drinks are best for people that exercise heavily?

Answer 38

Hypotonic drinks

Question 39

Too little carbohydrate many not meet energy demands, but too much carbohydrate can —- ——- ———- resulting in

Answer 39

Slow fluid absorption

gastrointestinal distress

dehydration

Question 40

For team games drink

Answer 40

5-7% carbohydrate solution (hypertonic)

Question 41

For endurance events drink

Answer 41

Hypotonic drinks