Module 1 - Acids - Bases

Question 1

Why is acid base balance important?

Answer 1

Bodies very sensitive to pH changes

Respiration

Question 2

Most systems in the body like to function at what pH

Answer 2

Around 7

Question 3

Stomach acid has a — pH

Answer 3

low

Question 4

Acids and bases are ————–

Answer 4

electrolytes

Question 5

A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+)

Answer 5

Acid

Question 6

Acid is a —— donor

Answer 6

proton

Question 7

Base is also known as

Answer 7

Alkali

Question 8

A substance that takes up H+

Answer 8

Base

Question 9

Bases are ——- acceptors

Answer 9

Proton

Question 10

To dissociate into electrically charged species

Answer 10

Ionise

Question 11

Strong acids —– completely

Answer 11

Split

Question 12

Weak acids – — split completely

Answer 12

Do not

Question 13

Cellular respiration produces this

Answer 13

Carbonic acid

Question 14

Anaerobic means

Answer 14

respiration without oxygen

Question 15

Anaerobic exercise produces this

Answer 15

Lactoacidosis

Question 16

Fat metabolism produces this

Answer 16

Ketones

Question 17

A build up of ketones in the body is known as

Answer 17

Ketoacidosis

Question 18

Name 2 important bases in the body

Answer 18

Aqueous ammonia in urine

Amino group in proteins

Question 19

Acids and bases are corrosive. Acids tend to —–, whilst bases tend to ———–

Answer 19

Burn, dissolve

Question 20

pH scale is a scale used to measure —- concentration

Answer 20

H+

Question 21

The range of pH

Answer 21

0-14

Question 22

Low pH = High ———-

High pH = High ————

Answer 22

Acidity, alkalinity

Question 23

pH homeostasis in the body has a very ——— range

Answer 23

Narrow

Question 24

Blood pH levels

Answer 24

7.35-7.45

Question 25

Blood pH needs to stay within the limits for what reason?

Answer 25

Otherwise enzymes will be denatured

Question 26

Exhale too much CO2 results in

Answer 26

Alkalosis

Question 27

Too little CO2 exhaled results in

Answer 27

Acidosis

Question 28

If pH is too low what happens ?

Answer 28

Hydrogen levels build up, resulting in nervous system depression, coma, then death

Question 29

What causes acidosis?

Answer 29

respiratory or metabolic acidosis

Question 30

Respiratory acidosis can result from

Answer 30

Hyperventilation due to asthma, COPD, oedema | Anaerobic glycosis

Question 31

Metabolic acidosis can result from

Answer 31

Diarrhoea Fasting/starvation Diabetes Kidney failure

Question 32

Alkalosis can be caused by

Answer 32

Overexcited nervous system | Tetanus convulsions

Question 33

Respiratory alkalosis can be caused by

Answer 33

Hyperventilation

Question 34

Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by

Answer 34

Vomiting Diuretics Alkaline drugs Severe dehydration

Question 35

What do buffers do?

Answer 35

Acid balance regulation

Question 36

These are fast working, resist pH change, and maintain homeostatic range

Answer 36

Buffers

Question 37

Buffers can be both

Answer 37

Acid and base

Question 38

What are the names of 5 buffer types

Answer 38

``` Carbonic acid/bicarbonate Haemoglobin in RBC's Protein buffer system Ammonia Phosphate buffer system ```