Module 1 - Gases and Respiration

Question 1

The movement of gases from one compartment to another plays an important role in which 2 things?

Answer 1

Breathing and exchange of alveolar blood gases

Equipment used to aid our breathing

Question 2

Standard atmospheric pressure

Average =

Answer 2

1013 hPa = 101.3 kPa

Question 3

Standard atmospheric pressure

Variation =

Answer 3

980 hPa - 1025 hPa

Question 4

Positive pressure: P is —————- than Atmospheric

Answer 4

greater

Question 5

Negative pressure P is —————— than atmospheric

Answer 5

Less

Question 6

Boyle’s law:

An ———— in the pressure of an enclosed mass of gas will result in a ————— in the volume

Answer 6

Increase, decrease

Question 7

Boyle’s law:

An ———— in the pressure of an enclosed mass of gas will result in a ————— in the volume

Answer 7

Decrease, Increase

Question 8

The pressure of a gas varies ———— with its volume

Answer 8

Inversely

Question 9

Negative pressure ventilator

Answer 9

iron lung

Question 10

Oxygen actively pushed into the lungs to create pressure difference

Answer 10

Positive pressure system

Question 11

A positive pressure system is used when a

Answer 11

patient cannot breathe alone

Question 12

Continuous positive airway pressure is useful for

Answer 12

Neonates
Snoring
Sleep apnoea
cardiac failure

Question 13

With continuous positive airway pressure —– ——- must remain in the lungs

Answer 13

some air

Question 14

Air is a mixture of which gases?

Answer 14

N2, o2, Co2, H2o

Question 15

each gas contributes to N– A———– P———

Answer 15

Net atmospheric pressure

Question 16

Total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of individual gases

Answer 16

Dalton’s Law

Question 17

DeO2Hb –> lungs ->

Answer 17

O2Hb

Question 18

Partial pressure in alveoli ———— to air

Answer 18

Different

Question 19

Partial pressure in alveoli —————- to in the blood/capillaries

Answer 19

Different

Question 20

Gas exchange occurs along

Answer 20

pressure gradients

Question 21

Gas exchange between the capillaries (blood) and the tissues of the body

Answer 21

Internal respiration

Question 22

The amount of a gas that will dissolve in a given type and volume of liquid at a constant temperature is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and it’s solubility constant

Answer 22

Henry’s Law

Question 23

How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

Answer 23

Dissolved in solution (plasma)

Question 24

More gas molecules are ———- at a higher pressure

Answer 24

soluble

Question 25

Decreased pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

Answer 25

hypoxemia

Question 26

5 causes of hypoxemia

Answer 26

``` High altitude Respiratory failure Emphysema Lung disease(COPD) Acute asthma ```

Question 27

Altitude - atmospheric pressure is ---. Pressure gradient between inside and outside of lungs ---------------- - pressure of oxygen is ---, leading to -------

Answer 27

low; smaller; low, hypoxia

Question 28

According to whose law "when pressure drops gases come out of solution and form bubbles"

Answer 28

Henry's

Question 29

--------- bubbles form too quickly when ascending from a dive

Answer 29

Nitrogen

Question 30

Name 5 symptoms of decompression sickness

Answer 30

``` Itching skin and rashes Joint pain Sensory system failure Paralysis Brain embolism and death ```

Question 31

A --------- ------------ imitates slow ascend from diving depth to atmospheric pressure

Answer 31

Hyperbaric chamber

Question 32

Hyperbaric chamber provides -------- therapy

Answer 32

oxygen

Question 33

------------- can come out of solution slowly

Answer 33

Nitrogen

Question 34

How long does one have to spend in the hyperbaric chamber?

Answer 34

3-4.5 hrs