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214.102 Applied Sciences for Health Professionals > Module 1 - Body temperature and regulation > Flashcards

Module 1 - Body temperature and regulation Flashcards

1
Q

———– is the measure of the ——— of heat in an object

A

Temperature; intensity

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2
Q

—- or ——– energy is a form of kinetic energy that results from vibration of atoms and molecules

A

Heat; thermal

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3
Q

—- temperature is the temperature of organs of the body cavities

A

Core

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4
Q

—– temperature is the temperature of the surface of the body

A

Shell

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5
Q

At –˚c muscles fail

A

28

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6
Q

At –˚c Loss of body temperature control occurs

A

30

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7
Q

At –˚c Loss of consciousness occurs

A

33

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8
Q

–˚c is the normal body temperature

A

37

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9
Q

At –˚c central nervous system breakdowns

A

42

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10
Q

At –˚c death occurs

A

44

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11
Q

The mercury-in-glass thermometer is also known as a ——— ———-

A

Clinical thermometer

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12
Q

An electronic (digital) thermometer

A

Thermistor

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13
Q

Plastic strip that can be placed on the head to take temperature

A

Liquid-crystal thermometer

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14
Q

A thermometer that measures the intensity of infrared radiation emitted from the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

A

Tympanic membrane thermometer

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15
Q

Core body temperature changes throughout the day. This is known as ——– ———

A

Cyclical variation

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16
Q

When is core body temperature at its lowest

A

Around 4am

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17
Q

Heat can be transferred from the body to the environment in four ways. What are they?

A

Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation

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18
Q

Transfer of heat from a warm object to a cool object which occurs usually between solids

A

Conduction

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19
Q

With conduction —– amounts of heat are lost

A

small

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20
Q

transfer of heat by movement of a fluid (gas or liquid) between areas of different temperature

A

Convection

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21
Q

Convection is a —- process

A

Slow

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22
Q

Transfer of heat in form of infrared rays between a warmer and a cooler object

A

Radiation

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23
Q

—- or —– objects absorb infrared radiation more readily than light ones

A

Dull; black

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24
Q

——– surfaces reflect infrared rays

A

Silvered

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25
Conversion of a liquid to a vapour
Evaporation
26
22% of heat loss from the body is as a result of -----------
Evaporation
27
15% of heat loss from the body is as a result of ----------
Convection
28
3% of heat loss from the body is as a result of -----------
Conduction
29
60% of heat loss from the body is as a result of ---------
Radiation
30
-------- are at a high risk for large amounts of heat loss
Neonates
31
Maintenance of body temperature is a balancing act between ----- ----------- and ---- -----
Heat production; heat loss
32
How does the body produce heat? | 1. B---- M----------
Basal metabolism
33
How does the body produce heat? | 2. M------- A-------
Muscular activity
34
How does the body produce heat? | 3. Hormones - T--------- and E----------
Thyroxine; Epinephrine
35
How does the body produce heat? | 4. T---------- effect on -----
Temperature; cells
36
Body temperature is maintained by which part of the brain?
Hypothalamus
37
A reaction that releases heat
Exothermic
38
Heat promoting centres - S---, A------ g-----, T------ g-----, and S------- M-----
Skin; Adrenal glands, Thyroid gland; Skeletal muscle
39
How does skin promote heating of the body?
Vasoconstriction and reduced blood flow
40
How do the adrenal glands promote heating of the body?
Increased adrenaline and noradrenaline raises BMR
41
How does the thyroid gland promote heating of the body?
Increased thyroxine raised BMR
42
How does skeletal muscle promote heating of the body?
Shivering
43
Heat losing centres - S---, A------ g-----, and T------ g-----
Skin, adrenal glands, thyroid gland
44
How does skin promote cooling of the body?
Vasodiliation and increased blood flow
45
How do the adrenal glands promote cooling of the body?
Reduced adrenaline and noradrenaline, lowering BMR
46
How does the thyroid gland promote cooling of the body?
Reduced thyroxine, lowers BMR
47
A persistently high body temperature above 37.5˚c
Hyperthermia
48
A persistently low temperature below 36.5˚c
Hypothermia
49
Hyperthermia occurs as a result of problems with H--- D----------- or increased M-------- rate
Heat dissipation; metabolic
50
Describe symptoms of hyperthermia
Feeling hot, sweating and flushed
51
Excessive or prolonged sweat which leads to considerable fluid and electrolyte loss is known as ---- ----------
Heat exhaustion
52
Describe 5 symptoms of heat exhaustion
heat cramps, low blood pressure, fainting, skin feels cool and wet, sweating
53
When a person's ability to respond to high environmental temperature is impaired and hence core temperature rises dramatically, this is known as ---- ------
Heat stroke
54
Name 5 symptoms of heat stroke
``` Skin is hot and dry (no sweating) rapid heartbeat confusion irritability rapid and shallow breathing ```
55
Which is more serious, heat stroke or heat exhaustion?
Heat stroke
56
Body temperature increases due to a re-setting of the set point of the hypothalamus by pyrogens
Pyrexia
57
------- occurs when the body has a new temperature set-point it will respond by trying to conserve heat and generate heat.
Pyrexia
58
Beneficial effects of pyrexia 1.
Hinders replication of some pathogens
59
Beneficial effects of pyrexia 2.
Intensifies the rate of effects of fighter cells
60
Beneficial effects of pyrexia 3. Increased ----- ---- resulting in
Heart rate, quicker delivery of WBC's to infection site
61
Beneficial effects of pyrexia 4. Increased --------- --------/metabolic rate = increased ------- -----------
Chemical reactions; repair mechanisms
62
The second stage of a fever occurs when ----------- is greater than the --- -----
temperature; set-point
63
What are the symptoms of the second stage of a fever?
Feeling hot perspiring appearing flushed
64
When the second stage of a fever is reached, what can be used to promote heat loss?
Antipyretics
65
What is the principle cause of hypothermia?
Low environmental temperature
66
From 36-35˚c, V-------------, S-------, and --------- BP occur
Vasoconstriction, shivering, increased
67
From-34-33˚c poor C------------, C--------, ------ BP occur
Coordination, confusion, normal
68
From 32-31˚c Consciousness is C------, ------- shivering, and --- BP
clouded; reduced; low
69
From 30-29˚c Loss of ------------- and M------- R------- occur
Consciousness; muscular rigidity
70
Below 28˚c Risk of C------ A-----
Cardiac arrest

214.102 Applied Sciences for Health Professionals (14 decks)

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