Module 1 - Osmosis-Diffusion-Dialysis

Question 1

Electrolytes are ____ dissolved in water

Answer 1

Ions

Question 2

A liquid will flow between 2 regions if a ________ _______ exists between the 2 regions

Answer 2

Pressure difference

Question 3

Liquids will flow from ____ pressure to ___ pressure

Answer 3

High; low

Question 4

What are 2 examples in the body of liquids flowing from high to low pressure?

Answer 4

The heart pumping blood, urinating

Question 5

____ ____ is the volume of a fluid that passes a point in a given time period

Answer 5

Flow rate

Question 6

Factors that affect flow rate:

1. Pressure ___ in a flowing liquid

Answer 6

Drop

Question 7

Factors that affect flow rate:

2. ________ of liquid

Answer 7

Viscosity

Question 8

Factors that affect flow rate:

3. ______ of the vessel

Answer 8

Length

Question 9

Factors that affect flow rate:

4. _______ of the vessel

Answer 9

Diameter

Question 10

Factors that affect flow rate:

5. ____ of flow

Answer 10

Type

Question 11

Factors that affect flow rate:

6. ______ of the vessel

Answer 11

Walls

Question 12

Liquid will only flow if there is a pressure difference, otherwise known as a pressure _________

Answer 12

Gradient

Question 13

Liquid will flow from a region of ____ pressure to a region of ___ pressure

Answer 13

High; low

Question 14

Thickness of a liquid is otherwise known as _______

Answer 14

Viscosity

Question 15

Higher viscosity = ______ ___________ therefore _____ pressure is required to move the liquid

Answer 15

Higher resistance; higher

Question 16

What happens when you are dehydrated?

Answer 16

Blood becomes thicker

Question 17

The _______ the tube, the _______ the resistance. This results in a ______ flow rate

Answer 17

Longer; greater; lower

Question 18

Poiseuille’s law. Volume flow rate is ____________ to (___ ______)⁴

Answer 18

Proportional; tube radius

Question 19

Normal blood flow = Normal BP. ________ blood flow due to atherosclerosis = __________ BP

Answer 19

Reduced; Increased

Question 20

In ______ flow, flow is streamlined, and fluid flows in ________ layers

Answer 20

Laminar; Parallel

Question 21

In _________ flow, the flow recirculates and eddies. This can occur when the tube has __________, roughened ________, and _______________

Answer 21

Turbulent, constrictions, surfaces, obstructions

Question 22

How does atherosclerosis affect blood flow?

Answer 22

The arteries becomes narrowed due to clotting, which decreases the diameter of the vessel

Question 23

How might the body try to maintain blood flow (when atherosclerosis is present)?

Answer 23

It will result in turbulent flow

Question 24

What effect will atherosclerosis and turbulent blood flow have on the heart?

Answer 24

It will have to work harder

Question 25

Diffusion is a ___________ of particles from an area of _____ concentration to an area of ____ concentration, across a ____-________ _______

Answer 25

Movement; high; low; semi-permeable membrane

Question 26

Factors influencing diffusion: | 1. S------ A---

Answer 26

Surface area

Question 27

Factors influencing diffusion: | 2. P------- S---

Answer 27

Particle size

Question 28

Factors influencing diffusion: | 3. T----------

Answer 28

Temperature

Question 29

Factors influencing diffusion: | 4. C------------

Answer 29

Concentration

Question 30

Factors influencing diffusion: | 5. E------------ C-----

Answer 30

Electrostatic charge

Question 31

Factors influencing diffusion: | 6. P-------

Answer 31

Pressure

Question 32

Movement of SOLVENT molecules (e.g. water) down a concentration gradient (across a semi-permeable membrane).

Answer 32

Osmosis

Question 33

The pressure required to prevent osmosis

Answer 33

Osmotic pressure

Question 34

Solvent movement is ___ infinite

Answer 34

NOT

Question 35

Back pressure exerted against a membrane

Answer 35

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 36

Pressure exerted by solution whose particles cannot cross membrane

Answer 36

Osmotic pressure

Question 37

Diffusion = movement of ______

Answer 37

Solute

Question 38

Osmosis = movement of ________

Answer 38

Solvent

Question 39

The measure of the osmotic pressure of 2 solutions separated by a semi-permeable membrane

Answer 39

Tonicity

Question 40

Ability of a solution to affect the shape or tone of cell

Answer 40

Tonicity

Question 41

Solutions with electrolyte concentration same as plasma/blood

Answer 41

Isotonic

Question 42

Solutions containing less electrolyte and more water

Answer 42

Hypotonic

Question 43

Solutions containing more electrolyte and less water

Answer 43

Hypertonic

Question 44

What does LYSE mean

Answer 44

Swell/rupture/pop

Question 45

What does CRENATION mean

Answer 45

Shrivel up

Question 46

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will?

Answer 46

Swell and eventually rupture

Question 47

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will?

Answer 47

Shrivel up and may die

Question 48

Exchange of solutes and water between blood and dialyzing solution usually across a man-made or biological membrane

Answer 48

Dialysis

Question 49

______ separates small ions and molecules (e.g urea) from larger molecules (e.g protein and RBC's)

Answer 49

Dialysis

Question 50

Blood removed from circulation to artificial kidney and back again

Answer 50

Haemodialysis

Question 51

Solution used in haemodialysis is __tonic. There is ____ concentration gradient so will remain in blood. There is ____ concentration gradient for waste products, so they will be filtered out

Answer 51

Iso; No; A

Question 52

Membrane in haemodialysis is ____-________, therefore larger particles ________ move across, so will _________ in blood

Answer 52

Semi-permeable; cannot; remain

Question 53

In __________ dialysis the peritoneum serves as the dialysis membrane - blood stays in the body

Answer 53

Peritoneal