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214.102 Applied Sciences for Health Professionals > Module 1 - Osmosis-Diffusion-Dialysis > Flashcards

Module 1 - Osmosis-Diffusion-Dialysis Flashcards

1
Q

Electrolytes are ____ dissolved in water

A

Ions

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2
Q

A liquid will flow between 2 regions if a ________ _______ exists between the 2 regions

A

Pressure difference

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3
Q

Liquids will flow from ____ pressure to ___ pressure

A

High; low

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4
Q

What are 2 examples in the body of liquids flowing from high to low pressure?

A

The heart pumping blood, urinating

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5
Q

____ ____ is the volume of a fluid that passes a point in a given time period

A

Flow rate

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6
Q

Factors that affect flow rate:

1. Pressure ___ in a flowing liquid

A

Drop

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7
Q

Factors that affect flow rate:

2. ________ of liquid

A

Viscosity

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8
Q

Factors that affect flow rate:

3. ______ of the vessel

A

Length

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9
Q

Factors that affect flow rate:

4. _______ of the vessel

A

Diameter

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10
Q

Factors that affect flow rate:

5. ____ of flow

A

Type

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11
Q

Factors that affect flow rate:

6. ______ of the vessel

A

Walls

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12
Q

Liquid will only flow if there is a pressure difference, otherwise known as a pressure _________

A

Gradient

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13
Q

Liquid will flow from a region of ____ pressure to a region of ___ pressure

A

High; low

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14
Q

Thickness of a liquid is otherwise known as _______

A

Viscosity

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15
Q

Higher viscosity = ______ ___________ therefore _____ pressure is required to move the liquid

A

Higher resistance; higher

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16
Q

What happens when you are dehydrated?

A

Blood becomes thicker

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17
Q

The _______ the tube, the _______ the resistance. This results in a ______ flow rate

A

Longer; greater; lower

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18
Q

Poiseuille’s law. Volume flow rate is ____________ to (___ ______)⁴

A

Proportional; tube radius

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19
Q

Normal blood flow = Normal BP. ________ blood flow due to atherosclerosis = __________ BP

A

Reduced; Increased

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20
Q

In ______ flow, flow is streamlined, and fluid flows in ________ layers

A

Laminar; Parallel

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21
Q

In _________ flow, the flow recirculates and eddies. This can occur when the tube has __________, roughened ________, and _______________

A

Turbulent, constrictions, surfaces, obstructions

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22
Q

How does atherosclerosis affect blood flow?

A

The arteries becomes narrowed due to clotting, which decreases the diameter of the vessel

23
Q

How might the body try to maintain blood flow (when atherosclerosis is present)?

A

It will result in turbulent flow

24
Q

What effect will atherosclerosis and turbulent blood flow have on the heart?

A

It will have to work harder

25
Q

Diffusion is a ___________ of particles from an area of _____ concentration to an area of ____ concentration, across a ____-________ _______

A

Movement; high; low; semi-permeable membrane

26
Q

Factors influencing diffusion:

1. S—— A—

A

Surface area

27
Q

Factors influencing diffusion:

2. P——- S—

A

Particle size

28
Q

Factors influencing diffusion:

3. T———-

A

Temperature

29
Q

Factors influencing diffusion:

4. C————

A

Concentration

30
Q

Factors influencing diffusion:

5. E———— C—–

A

Electrostatic charge

31
Q

Factors influencing diffusion:

6. P——-

A

Pressure

32
Q

Movement of SOLVENT molecules (e.g. water) down a concentration gradient (across a semi-permeable membrane).

A

Osmosis

33
Q

The pressure required to prevent osmosis

A

Osmotic pressure

34
Q

Solvent movement is ___ infinite

A

NOT

35
Q

Back pressure exerted against a membrane

A

Hydrostatic pressure

36
Q

Pressure exerted by solution whose particles cannot cross membrane

A

Osmotic pressure

37
Q

Diffusion = movement of ______

A

Solute

38
Q

Osmosis = movement of ________

A

Solvent

39
Q

The measure of the osmotic pressure of 2 solutions separated by a semi-permeable membrane

A

Tonicity

40
Q

Ability of a solution to affect the shape or tone of cell

A

Tonicity

41
Q

Solutions with electrolyte concentration same as plasma/blood

A

Isotonic

42
Q

Solutions containing less electrolyte and more water

A

Hypotonic

43
Q

Solutions containing more electrolyte and less water

A

Hypertonic

44
Q

What does LYSE mean

A

Swell/rupture/pop

45
Q

What does CRENATION mean

A

Shrivel up

46
Q

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will?

A

Swell and eventually rupture

47
Q

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will?

A

Shrivel up and may die

48
Q

Exchange of solutes and water between blood and dialyzing solution usually across a man-made or biological membrane

A

Dialysis

49
Q

______ separates small ions and molecules (e.g urea) from larger molecules (e.g protein and RBC’s)

A

Dialysis

50
Q

Blood removed from circulation to artificial kidney and back again

A

Haemodialysis

51
Q

Solution used in haemodialysis is __tonic. There is ____ concentration gradient so will remain in blood. There is ____ concentration gradient for waste products, so they will be filtered out

A

Iso; No; A

52
Q

Membrane in haemodialysis is ____-________, therefore larger particles ________ move across, so will _________ in blood

A

Semi-permeable; cannot; remain

53
Q

In __________ dialysis the peritoneum serves as the dialysis membrane - blood stays in the body

A

Peritoneal

214.102 Applied Sciences for Health Professionals (14 decks)

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