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214.102 Applied Sciences for Health Professionals > Module 1 - Chemical World > Flashcards

Module 1 - Chemical World Flashcards

1
Q

The simplest level of organisation in the human body

A

Chemical level

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2
Q

______ occupies space, has mass, and is composed of atoms

A

Matter

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3
Q

________ has no mass, does not take up space, is measured by effect on matter, and has the capacity to do work or put matter into motion

A

Energy

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4
Q

Name 3 different states of matter

A

Solid, liquid, and Gas

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5
Q

What are the two types of energy?

A

Potential energy and kinetic energy

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6
Q

The energy possessed by virtue of the position or chemical composition of matter

A

Potential energy

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7
Q

The energy of movement

A

Kinetic energy

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8
Q

The smallest particle of an element

A

Atom

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9
Q

A substance that is composed of identical atoms - that is, they all have the same atomic number, that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

A

Element

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10
Q

Two or more atoms joined by a covalent bond

A

Molecule

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11
Q

A substance that is compromised of atoms of more than one element linked by chemical bonds

A

Compound

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12
Q

There are 11 bulk elements in the body, what are the main 4?

A

Oxygen, Hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen

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13
Q

Name the other 7 bulk elements in the body

A

Calcium, Phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, Sulfur, sodium, and magnesium

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14
Q

Atoms consist of ________, ___________ and __________

A

Protons; neutrons; electrons

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15
Q

Protons have a _________ charge

A

Positive

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16
Q

Neutrons have ________ charge

A

No

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17
Q

Electrons have a ___________ charge

A

Negative

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18
Q

________ _______ = number of protons in an atom

A

Atomic number

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19
Q

_____ ______ = total number of proteins + neutrons

A

Atomic mass

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20
Q

Protons and neutrons each weigh 1 _______ ______ unit

A

Atomic mass

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21
Q

Electrons have a ________ weight

A

negligible

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22
Q

There are ________ of protons and electrons in an atom

A

Same number

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23
Q

The number of electrons in an atom is calculated by deducting the _______ _________ from the _________ ________

A

Atomic number; atomic mass

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24
Q

If we change the number of electrons in an atom we produce an ___

A

ion

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25
If we change the number of neutrons in an atom we get an ________
Isotope
26
Atoms or groups of atoms that have become charged as a consequence of the loss or gain of electrons
Ions
27
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers
Isotopes
28
Isotopes are atoms of the same element, but they possess different number of ________
Neutrons
29
Electrons are arranged in ________ (electron energy levels)
Orbitals
30
The 1st energy level can hold __ electrons
2
31
The 2nd energy level can hold __ electrons
8
32
The 3rd energy level can hold __electrons
8
33
A numerical expression of the number of chemical bonds that an element can form
Valency
34
An atom is said to be _____ when the electron configuration = 2. 8. 8
Inert
35
An atom is said to be ________ when the electron configuration = 2. 8. 2
Reactive
36
Ions can be both _________ and __________
Positive; negative
37
When two atoms bump together and a chemical reaction takes place. This is called _______ ________
Chemical bonding
38
Chemical bonds formed being atoms; formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other
Ionic bonds
39
Atoms become ________ in bond
Ionised
40
Atoms are ___ ionised (charged) before they react
NOT
41
When an atom gives an electron to another atom, it is called an electron ______
Donor
42
When an atom receives an electron from another atom, it is called an electron _________
Recipient
43
A name for a positively charged ion
Cat ion
44
A name for an negative charged ion
An ion
45
______ ______ have high melting points
Ionic compounds
46
________ ________ tend to dissolve in water
Ionic compounds
47
________ _______ form a stable crystal lattice
Ionic compounds
48
_______ ______ are held together by strong bonds between positive and negative ions
Ionic compounds
49
Our body contains many __________
Electrolytes
50
Solutions of ions in water can conduct electricity = ___________
Electrolytes
51
Bonds where atoms SHARE their electrons to have stable outer shells
Covalent bonds
52
________ ______ have strong chemical bonds
Covalent bonds
53
In a ______ ________ _____ the atoms share 2 electrons
Double covalent bond
54
In a _____ ________ ____ the atoms share 3 electrons
Triple covalent bond
55
A compound that is formed when atoms are joined by covalent bonds
Covalent compound
56
Weak forces of attraction that exist between polar molecules or between different regions of the same molecule in which hydrogen atoms with a partial positive charge are attracted to atoms with a partial negative charge
Hydrogen bonds
57
Hydrogen bonds hold together ____
DNA
58
Mixture of different elements mixed together
Chemical compound
59
C6H12O6
Glucose
60
CaCO3
Calcium carbonate
61
Compounds which contain carbon or hydrogen, neither of these, but not both are called _______ ________
Inorganic compounds
62
Inorganic compounds have ____ atoms per molecule
few
63
_______ _____ have ionic or covalent bonds
Inorganic compounds
64
________ (which conduct electricity) are an example of inorganic compounds
Electrolytes
65
______ _____ have a high melting point (>300 C)
Inorganic compounds
66
______ _____ contain both hydrogen and carbon
Organic compounds
67
Organic compounds have ____ atoms per molecule
Many
68
_________ _______ have (non-polar) covalent bonds
Organic compounds
69
_________ _______ are non-electrolytes
Organic compounds
70
_________ _______ have low melting points
Organic compounds
71
_________ _______ are Combustible
Organic compounds
72
_________ ________ are non-combustible
Inorganic compounds
73
Examples of _______ ________ are Calcium carbonate (antacid), Calcium suphate (Plaster of Paris), Water
Inorganic compounds
74
Examples of ______ _______ are Glucose, Protein, DNA, Alcohol
Organic compounds
75
2/3 of our body is made up of ________ __________
Organic compounds
76
Compounds that consist of Carbon and hydrogen only are known as ____________
Hydrocarbons
77
Examples of hydrocarbons are _____ and ________
Fuels; solvents
78
_______ groups determine physical properties (i.e. melting point, density etc)
Radical
79
__________ groups determine chemical properties (e.g. mode of action, metabolism, reactivity)
Functional groups

214.102 Applied Sciences for Health Professionals (14 decks)

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