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214.102 Applied Sciences for Health Professionals > Module 1 - Chemical World > Flashcards

Module 1 - Chemical World Flashcards

1
Q

The simplest level of organisation in the human body

A

Chemical level

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2
Q

______ occupies space, has mass, and is composed of atoms

A

Matter

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3
Q

________ has no mass, does not take up space, is measured by effect on matter, and has the capacity to do work or put matter into motion

A

Energy

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4
Q

Name 3 different states of matter

A

Solid, liquid, and Gas

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5
Q

What are the two types of energy?

A

Potential energy and kinetic energy

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6
Q

The energy possessed by virtue of the position or chemical composition of matter

A

Potential energy

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7
Q

The energy of movement

A

Kinetic energy

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8
Q

The smallest particle of an element

A

Atom

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9
Q

A substance that is composed of identical atoms - that is, they all have the same atomic number, that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

A

Element

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10
Q

Two or more atoms joined by a covalent bond

A

Molecule

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11
Q

A substance that is compromised of atoms of more than one element linked by chemical bonds

A

Compound

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12
Q

There are 11 bulk elements in the body, what are the main 4?

A

Oxygen, Hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen

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13
Q

Name the other 7 bulk elements in the body

A

Calcium, Phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, Sulfur, sodium, and magnesium

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14
Q

Atoms consist of ________, ___________ and __________

A

Protons; neutrons; electrons

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15
Q

Protons have a _________ charge

A

Positive

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16
Q

Neutrons have ________ charge

A

No

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17
Q

Electrons have a ___________ charge

A

Negative

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18
Q

________ _______ = number of protons in an atom

A

Atomic number

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19
Q

_____ ______ = total number of proteins + neutrons

A

Atomic mass

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20
Q

Protons and neutrons each weigh 1 _______ ______ unit

A

Atomic mass

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21
Q

Electrons have a ________ weight

A

negligible

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22
Q

There are ________ of protons and electrons in an atom

A

Same number

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23
Q

The number of electrons in an atom is calculated by deducting the _______ _________ from the _________ ________

A

Atomic number; atomic mass

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24
Q

If we change the number of electrons in an atom we produce an ___

A

ion

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25
Q

If we change the number of neutrons in an atom we get an ________

A

Isotope

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26
Q

Atoms or groups of atoms that have become charged as a consequence of the loss or gain of electrons

A

Ions

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27
Q

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers

A

Isotopes

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28
Q

Isotopes are atoms of the same element, but they possess different number of ________

A

Neutrons

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29
Q

Electrons are arranged in ________ (electron energy levels)

A

Orbitals

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30
Q

The 1st energy level can hold __ electrons

A

2

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31
Q

The 2nd energy level can hold __ electrons

A

8

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32
Q

The 3rd energy level can hold __electrons

A

8

33
Q

A numerical expression of the number of chemical bonds that an element can form

A

Valency

34
Q

An atom is said to be _____ when the electron configuration = 2. 8. 8

A

Inert

35
Q

An atom is said to be ________ when the electron configuration = 2. 8. 2

A

Reactive

36
Q

Ions can be both _________ and __________

A

Positive; negative

37
Q

When two atoms bump together and a chemical reaction takes place. This is called _______ ________

A

Chemical bonding

38
Q

Chemical bonds formed being atoms; formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other

A

Ionic bonds

39
Q

Atoms become ________ in bond

A

Ionised

40
Q

Atoms are ___ ionised (charged) before they react

A

NOT

41
Q

When an atom gives an electron to another atom, it is called an electron ______

A

Donor

42
Q

When an atom receives an electron from another atom, it is called an electron _________

A

Recipient

43
Q

A name for a positively charged ion

A

Cat ion

44
Q

A name for an negative charged ion

A

An ion

45
Q

______ ______ have high melting points

A

Ionic compounds

46
Q

________ ________ tend to dissolve in water

A

Ionic compounds

47
Q

________ _______ form a stable crystal lattice

A

Ionic compounds

48
Q

_______ ______ are held together by strong bonds between positive and negative ions

A

Ionic compounds

49
Q

Our body contains many __________

A

Electrolytes

50
Q

Solutions of ions in water can conduct electricity = ___________

A

Electrolytes

51
Q

Bonds where atoms SHARE their electrons to have stable outer shells

A

Covalent bonds

52
Q

________ ______ have strong chemical bonds

A

Covalent bonds

53
Q

In a ______ ________ _____ the atoms share 2 electrons

A

Double covalent bond

54
Q

In a _____ ________ ____ the atoms share 3 electrons

A

Triple covalent bond

55
Q

A compound that is formed when atoms are joined by covalent bonds

A

Covalent compound

56
Q

Weak forces of attraction that exist between polar molecules or between different regions of the same molecule in which hydrogen atoms with a partial positive charge are attracted to atoms with a partial negative charge

A

Hydrogen bonds

57
Q

Hydrogen bonds hold together ____

A

DNA

58
Q

Mixture of different elements mixed together

A

Chemical compound

59
Q

C6H12O6

A

Glucose

60
Q

CaCO3

A

Calcium carbonate

61
Q

Compounds which contain carbon or hydrogen, neither of these, but not both are called _______ ________

A

Inorganic compounds

62
Q

Inorganic compounds have ____ atoms per molecule

A

few

63
Q

_______ _____ have ionic or covalent bonds

A

Inorganic compounds

64
Q

________ (which conduct electricity) are an example of inorganic compounds

A

Electrolytes

65
Q

______ _____ have a high melting point (>300 C)

A

Inorganic compounds

66
Q

______ _____ contain both hydrogen and carbon

A

Organic compounds

67
Q

Organic compounds have ____ atoms per molecule

A

Many

68
Q

_________ _______ have (non-polar) covalent bonds

A

Organic compounds

69
Q

_________ _______ are non-electrolytes

A

Organic compounds

70
Q

_________ _______ have low melting points

A

Organic compounds

71
Q

_________ _______ are Combustible

A

Organic compounds

72
Q

_________ ________ are non-combustible

A

Inorganic compounds

73
Q

Examples of _______ ________ are Calcium carbonate (antacid), Calcium suphate (Plaster of Paris), Water

A

Inorganic compounds

74
Q

Examples of ______ _______ are Glucose, Protein, DNA, Alcohol

A

Organic compounds

75
Q

2/3 of our body is made up of ________ __________

A

Organic compounds

76
Q

Compounds that consist of Carbon and hydrogen only are known as ____________

A

Hydrocarbons

77
Q

Examples of hydrocarbons are _____ and ________

A

Fuels; solvents

78
Q

_______ groups determine physical properties (i.e. melting point, density etc)

A

Radical

79
Q

__________ groups determine chemical properties (e.g. mode of action, metabolism, reactivity)

A

Functional groups

214.102 Applied Sciences for Health Professionals (14 decks)

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