Module 2 - DNA structure & Replication

Question 1

The nucleic acid that consists of neucleotides made up of the sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate group and one of four nitrogenous bases.

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

Genetic information is encoded in the sequence of these bases

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Answer 3

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

Question 4

Nucleic acid that consists of a single strand of neucleotides.

Answer 4

RNA

Question 5

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA

Answer 5

Adenine
Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine

Question 6

What are the three forms of RNA

Answer 6

mRNA - messenger
tRNA - transfer
rRNA - ribosmal

Question 7

A molecule fomed from sugar, a nitrogenous base and an inorganic phosphate group

Answer 7

Nucleotide

Question 8

These are the component molecules of nucleic acids

Answer 8

Nucleotide

Question 9

Literally “coloured material”

Answer 9

Chromatin

Question 10

The thread-like mass of DNA and its associated proteins found within the nucleus of a cell

Answer 10

Chromatin

Question 11

How much of our DNA codes for proteins?

Answer 11

2-4%

Question 12

How much of our DNA is nonsense DNA?

Answer 12

96-98%

Question 13

Approximately how many genes are there in humans?

Answer 13

30000

Question 14

All cells in our bodies (except sex cells) contain —————— genes but ——————- genes activated in different cells

Answer 14

Identical; different

Question 15

Building blocks of DNA and RNA

Answer 15

Nucleotides

Question 16

Single-ringed Nitrogenous bases

Answer 16

Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

Question 17

Double-ringed nitrogenous bases

Answer 17

Adenine

Guanine

Question 18

The DNA ladder is a ——- ————–

Answer 18

Double helix

Question 19

Which pairs of nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?

Answer 19

Thymine and Adenine

Guanine and cytosine

Question 20

Human RNA is ————– stranded+

Answer 20

Single

Question 21

Considered to be the molecular slave of DNA

Answer 21

RNA

Question 22

All three RNA types are involved in ———— ————–

Answer 22

Protein synthesis

Question 23

DNA is found in the ————–. RNA is found in the ————————-

Answer 23

Nucleus; cytoplasm

Question 24

Function of DNA

Answer 24

Genetic material that directs protein synthesis and replicates itself before cell division

Question 25

Function of RNA

Answer 25

Carries out the genetic instructions for protein synthesis

Question 26

The sugar in DNA is ------------- | The sugar in RNA is -------------

Answer 26

Deoxyribose | Ribose

Question 27

Structure of DNA

Answer 27

Double stranded coiled into a double helix

Question 28

Structure of RNA

Answer 28

Single strand, straight or folded

Question 29

Genetic flow of information

Answer 29

DNA (replication) --> Transcription --> RNA --> translation --> protein

Question 30

Before a cell divides it must -------------- its DNA

Answer 30

replicate

Question 31

Identical copies of genes can be passed to -------------- ---------------

Answer 31

Daughter cells

Question 32

What are the four phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 32

Growth 1 Synthesis phase (DNA replication) Growth 2 Mitotic phase - Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase