Module 2-General Aspects of Medicine Flashcards
root words meaning cell
cyt(o), -cyte
root word that means a stage in cell
blast(o)
root word denoting tissue
hist(o)
root word denoting shape
morph(o)
root words meaning fiber
fibr(o), in(o)
root word meaning fat
adip/o
root word meaning teeth
dent/o
root word meaning blood
hemat/o
suffix meaning “producing”
-poietic
“nerve”
neur/o
root words meaning “the body”
soma, somat/o
root word meaning “mind”
Psych/oo
study of the body structure
Anatomy
study of bodily functions
Physiology
study of tissues
Histology
science of forms and structure of organized
beings
Morphology
organs in a cavity of the body, usually referring to the organs in the abdominal cavity
Viscera
hollow space, a small, belly-like area in an organ
Ventricle
definite region or area of the body, especially a group, series, or systems of related parts or organs
Tract
supporting structure or part of an organ
Stem
pertaining to the viscera
Splanchnic
cavity, passageway, or channel; a curved space
Sinus
any small nipple-like projection from a surface
Papilla
mouth-like opening
Orifice
small mass of tissue
Node
center of an organ, on the inside of the cortex
Medulla
opening or channel
Meatus
roundish projection or roundish division of an organ
Lobe
lip-like part
Labium
small place on an organ at which blood vessels, nerves, or ducts enter or leave
Hilum
specialized cell, group of cells, or organ that produces a substance
Gland
base of an organ, the part of an organ opposite an aperture, or opening
Fundus
opening or hole in an organ or part of an organ
Foramen
threadlike element
Fiber
small bundle of tissue
Fascicle
layer of connective tissue covering internal organs or parts of structures
Fascia
tube-like or canal-like structure that transports fluid or air from one part to another
Duct
outside part of an organ, the thick outer layer, usually on the outside surface of the medulla of an organ
Cortex
body or mass, usually relatively large in size
Corpus
a neck-like part of a body or organ
Collum
membranous sac that resembles a small box
Capsule
cup-shaped structure
Calyx, calyces
part of an organ nearest its point of attachment
Base
tip, or point, of an organ, usually of an organ with a more or less triangular shape
Apex
opening, as a hole in an organ
Aperture
dilated portion of a canal or duct, a small area that resembles an oval-shaped storage jar
Ampulla
stance the body has when it is erect with the arms hanging to the side, palms facing forward
Anatomical position
standing position
Erect position
body lying horizontally on either side
Laterally recumbent position
body in horizontal position with face down
Prone position
body in horizontal position with face up
Supine position
the head of the patient’s bed is raised 18-20 inches above level
Fowler’s position
position in which the patient lies on his or her back, legs flexed on thighs, thighs flexed on the abdomen and abducted
Lithotomy
the patient lies on his or her left side and chest, the right knee and thigh drawn up, the left arm along the back
Sims’ position
patient is supine on a surface inclined 45 degrees, the head lower than the legs
Trendelenberg’s position
inside the body or inside surfaces of the body
itself
Internal
outside the body
External
part is situated far beneath the surface
Deep
part is situated close to the surface
Superficial
wall of a part of the body
Parietal
also known as the belly.
Abdominal cavity
This is the part of the body between the diaphragm and the pelvic organs.
Abdominal cavity
Other terms related to the abdomen are:
-Celiac (abdominal)
-Laparo (loin, flank)
-Flank (wide upper part of the abdomen over the hip
bone)
contains the brain and related structures
Cranial cavity
located towards the back of the body
Dorsal cavities
situated below the abdominal cavity.
Pelvic cavity
also known as the chest.
Thoracic cavity
It is the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm.
Thoracic cavity
The three sections of the thoracic cavity are:
- left and
- right pleural spaces, and
- mediastinum.
related to the main part of the body to which the head and the limbs are attached
Torso, trunk
cavities located in the front of the body
Ventral cavities
contains the spinal cord and extends from the base of the cranial cavity to a level corresponding to the bottom edge of the abdominal cavity.
Vertebral cavity
located in the abdominal cavity and is made up of the space between the membrane lining the abdominal wall referred to as the parietal, and the lining covering all of the organs in the abdomen.
Peritoneal space
it stretches around all of the
abdominal wall and organs.
Peritoneal space
located behind the peritoneum
Retroperitoneal space
space between the inner lining of the wall (parietal) of the chest inside the ribs (pleura) and the outer lining of the lungs
Pleural cavity
the wall made up of the ribs
Thoracic wall
membrane covering the lungs
Visceral pleura
1r
Right hypochondriac region
2r
Epigastric region
3r
Left hypochondriac region
4r
Right flank/lumbar region
5r
Umbilical region
6r
Left flank/lumbar region
7r
Right inguinal/iliac region
8r
Hypogastric/suprapubic region
9r
Left inguinal/iliac region
1
Right upper quadrant
2
Left upper quadrant
3
Right lower quadrant
4
Left lower quadrant
neck
Cervical region (7 cervical vertebrae)
chest
Thoracic region (12 thoracic vertebrae)
loin
Lumbar region (5 lumbar vertebrae)
sacrum
Sacral region (5 sacral vertebrae fused into one)
tailbone
Coccyx (4 coccygeal vertebrae fused into one)
cuts the body into front and back halves
Coronal plane
Coronal plane: Sometimes referred as
Frontal plane
divides the body into two equal halves.
Midsagittal
Midsagittal: Sometimes referred as
Median plane
divides the body into right and left portions
Sagittal plane
cuts crosswise through the body, dividing the body into top and bottom parts.
Transverse plane
Transverse plane: Sometimes referred as
Horizontal plane
middle or midline of the body
Medial
towards the head
Cephalad
towards the tail
Caudad
above or directed upward
Superior
below or directed downward
Inferior
point nearest the center or part closer to another part
Proximal
away from the center of a structure
Distal
the circumference or an area away from the center
Peripheral
front surface, towards the belly
Anterior, ventral
back surface
Posterior, dorsal
a side of the body or a point away from midline
Lateral
palm side of hand, also called as palmar
Volar
sole side of the foot
Plantar
bent inward, angulation of a part of the body toward the midline
Varus
bent outward, bent toward the wall
Valgus
towards the right
Dextral (dextro)
towards the left
Sinsitral (sinistro)
aside from sinistro,_____ is used for left.
Levo
