Module 10-Digestive System Flashcards
root word meaning “lip”
Cheil
root word meaning “tooth”
Dent
root word meaning “gums”
Gingiv
lips
Labia
opening into the mouth
Os, ora
inside of the cheek
Bucca
mouth. This is also a general term for a mouth-like opening
Stoma
root word meaning “tongue”
Lingua, glossa
suffix denoting the sense of taste
-geusia
root word meaning “salivary gland”
Sial
root word meaning “abdominal cavity”
Celiac
root word meaning “belly button”
Omphal-
root word meaning “bile”
Chole
common term meaning “bile”
Gall
rootword meaning “gallbladder”
Cholecyst
root word meaning “liver”
Hepat
root word meaning “portal vein”
Pyle
root word meaning “rectum”
Proct
combining form of uvula
Staphyl
referred to as “milk teeth” and “baby teeth”. The teeth that normally fall out and are replaced by permanent teeth
Deciduous teeth
artificial replacements of one or several teeth or of all the teeth of either or both jaws
Dentures
condition in which there is a lack of teeth; commonly referred to as a toothless
Edentulous
any of the 32 teeth that replaces 20 deciduous teeth`
Permanent teeth
common term for the third molars, the last teeth of the upper and lower jaw
Wisdom teeth
act of taking in food
Ingestion
act of chewing
Mastication
act of swallowing or passing food down the throat
Deglutition
progressive waves of contraction around the walls of the digestive organs that move contents through the digestive tract
Peristalsis
action in which the end products of digestion are taken away or sucked up from the digestive system into the lymphatic system and bloodstream
Absorption
act of removing waste matter of the intestines from the body
Defacation
action resulting from peristalsis of the large intestine
Bowel movement
act of eliminating waste from the body
Excretion
release or blowing of accumulated air from the intestine
Flatus
inflammation
-itis
severe inflammation of the gums in which the tissue in the mouth is destroyed, resulting in sores
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
inflammation of the lips
Cheilitis
inflammation of the gums
Gingivitis
inflammation of the gums, and mucous membranes of the mouth
Gingivostomatitis
inflammation of the gums around a tooth resulting in a crownlike covering of the tissue over the tooth
Pericoronitis
inflammation of the mouth
Stomatitis
inflammation of the stomach
Gastritis
inflammation of the appendix
Appendicitis
inflammation of the colon
Colitis
inflammation of the intestine and colon that results in death of involving tissues
Necrotizing enterocolitis
inflammation of the anus and/or rectum
Proctitis
inflammation in a defined part of the intestines. Also known as Chron’s disease
Regional enteritis
inflammation of the colon characterized by sores in the colon
Ulcerative colitis
inflammation of the gall bladder
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis
inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity
Peritonitis
loss of sense of taste
Ageusia
distortion of the sense of taste
Dysgeusia
sense of taste on only half of the tongue
Hemigeusia
bad taste in the mouth
Parageusia
condition in which the tongue appears bent; commonly referred to “tounge-tied”
Ankyloglossia
round, white sore of the mouth in which the tissue is destroyed
Canker sores
abnormal condition of the teeth as a result of decay of the surfaces
Caries
condition in which there is a division of the palate; commonly referred to as “harelip”
Cleft palate
sensation in which a person feels a globelike mass in the throat; commonly referred to as a “lump in the throat”
Globus sensation
condition in which there is a burning sensation on the tongue, caused by inflammation or hot, spicy food
Glossopyrosis
appearance of white patches on the tongue
Lingualis leukoplakia
condition in which the teeth of the upper jaw do not close in alignment with the teeth of the lower jaw
Malocclusion
disease of tissue around the teeth
Periodontal disease
flow of pus from the gums
Pyorrhea
condition in which there are stones in the salivary glands
Sialolithiasis
inability of the circular muscle around the esophagus to relax and thereby not allowing food to pass into the stomach
Achalasia
swallowing of air into the stomach
Aerophagia
condition in which there is difficulty in digestion
Dyspepsia
condition in which there is difficulty in swallowing
Dysphagia
action in which the contents of the stomach are vomited out
Emesis
belching out of air from the stomach; commonly referred to as “burping”
Eructation
condition in which there is an enlargement of the esophagus because of a lack of peristalsis in the esophagus
Esophageal aperistalsis megaesophagus
Esophageal aperistalsis megaesophagus commonly termed as
achalasia
vomiting of blood
Hematemesis
condition in which the acid content is higher than normal
Hyperacidity
condition in which there is an inability to digest food
Indigestion
condition in which there is an involuntary impulse to vomit food
Nausea
Nausea commonly referred to as
seasickness
bulging through the ring of muscle of the esophagus, resulting in a bulging of the stomach through the diaphragm and into the chest cavity
Paraesophageal hernia
Paraesophageal hernia commonly termed as
hiatal hernia
erosion in the lining of the stomach or duodenum that may be caused by the action of the digestive enzyme pepsin
Peptic ulcer
rushing back from the stomach to the mouth of food or fluid recently swallowed
Regurgitate
act of ejecting the contents of the stomach
Vomit
condition of the bowels in which the contents are packed with fecal matter because there has been no movement of the bowel
Constipation
condition in which the intestinal contents flow rapidly through the digestive system before digestion is complete
Diarrhea
condition in which a small tubular projection turns or grows out from the inside surface of the intestinal tract
Diverticulosis
sore in the duodenum
Duodenal ulcer
difficulty in passing the contens of the bowel
Dyschezia
Dyschezia another term for
constipation
condition in which there is difficulty in the intestines
Dysentery
inability to hold fecal content, resulting in involuntary passing of feces
Fecal incontinence
veins near the anus that have become dilated and full of blood; the condition is like a flow of blood; commonly referred to as “piles”
Hemorrhoids
condition caused by a parasitic infestation by worms
Helminthiasis
condition in which the bulging part of an organ into an abnormal place is trapped and cannot return to its normal location
Incarcerated hernia
Incarcerated hernia commonly referred to as
strangulated hernia
condition in which the lymph vessels in the lining of the intestine become enlarged
Intestinal lymphangiectasis
condition in which one part of the intestine slips into another part of the intestine, resulting in telescope-like condition not within one part of the intestine
Intussuception
condition in which the ileum is paralyzed; there is lack of peristalsis in the ileum
Parlytic ileus
itching of the area around anus
Pruritus ani
condition in which undigested fat flows through the digestive system
Steatorrhea
twisting of the intestine resulting in an obstruction of flow of contents through the intestine
Volvulus
condition in which there is a lack of normal connection of the bile ducts
Biliary atresia
malignant tumor of the lining of the ducts of the biliary system
Cholangiocarcinoma
condition in which there are stones in the bile duct
Choledocholithiasis
condition in which there are stones in the gall bladder
Cholelithiasis
condition in which the liver takes on a dark yellowish color
Cirrhosis
noncancerous tumor of the cells of the liver
Hepatocellular adenoma
condition in which the skin takes on a yellow color caused by an excessive amount of bile in the blood; commonly referred to as yellow jaundice
Icterus
tumor in the pancreas that produces an oversupply of insulin
Insulinoma
condition in which there is a higher than normal pressure in the circulation to the liver
Portal hypertension
fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity resulting in a bag- like appearance of the abdomen
Ascites
chronic disease marked by distention of the abdomen
Celiac disease
bursting apart of the abdominal wall, usually at the site of an incision
Dehiscence
situation in which the organs are spilled out; usually occurs after a surgical procedure in which the surgical wound does not remain closed
Evisceration
protrusion of a part of the intestine in the groin area
Inguinal hernia
swelling of the area around the naval
Omphalocele
condition in which muscles of the abdomen are so weakened that the abdomen hangs down in folds
Pendulous abdomen
growth in the abdominal cavity in the back of the peritoneum
Retroperitoneal tumor
bulging of intestines through a muscle weakness in the area of the umbilicus
Umbilical hernia
surgical puncture
-centesis
puncture into the abdominal cavity
Abdominocentesis
surgical repair; molding or shaping
-plasty
surgical repair done in the anal region
Analplasty
Analplasty also termed as
anoplasty
repair of a defect in the lip
Cheiloplasty
removal; excision, cutting out
-ectomy
removal of the appendix
Appendectomy
removal of the gallbladder
Cholecystectomy
removal of the colon;
Colectomy
removal of one half of the colon
hemicolectomy
removal of the esophagus
Esophagectomy
removal of stomach
Gastrectomy
removal of gums
Gingivectomy
removal of tongue
Glossectomy
removal of pancreas
Pancreatectomy
removal of the parotid gland
Parotidectomy
removal of polyps anywhere in the digestive tract
Polypectomy
making an opening
-ostomy
procedure in which an opening is made into the colon for the evacuation of bowel contents
Colostomy
procedure to make an opening into the stomach, usually for the purpose of inserting a tube for feeding
Gastrostomy
procedure in which an opening is made into the ileum for the purposes of evacuation of digestive contents
Ileostomy
procedure in which there is an opening made in the jejunum, into which the pancreatic duct is placed
Pancreaticojejunostomy
looking at, examining
-scopy
passing of a viewing instrument for visualization of the esophagus
Esophagoscopy
passing of a viewing device into the anal and rectal region
Proctoscopy
passing of a viewing instrument into the sigmoid colon
Sigmoidoscopy
cutting into
-otomy
procedure in which a viewing device is passed inside the body through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum until it reaches the ampulla, when a larger opening is being cut into the ampulla to remove stones or allow for the drainage of bile
Endoscopic papillotomy
cutting into the abdomen, usually for the purpose of exploring the abdominal cavity for disease
Exploratory laparotomy
surgical procedure in which the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon are cut out or resected, and the opening at the end of the descending colon is brought up to the abdominal wall, where a colostomy is created
Abdominal perineal resection
procedure of inserting a long balloon into the esophagus to plug it
Balloon tamponade
process of removing all of the intestines
Exenteration
removal of teeth
Exodontia
act of pulling out teeth
Extraction
procedure to wash the inside of the stomach, usually done to remove toxic substances that have been swallowed
Gastric lavage
closure by suturing, repair
-rrhaphy
repair of a hernia by suturing
Herniorraphy
procedure in which a small segment of the ileum is made into a tube to which a ureter from the kidneys is attached
Ileal conduit
procedure on the intestines in which two open ends of different parts of the intestine are sewn together again
Intestinal anastomosis
branch of dentistry that is concerned with making the teeth straight
Orthodontia
