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Ush > Module 2&3 > Flashcards

Module 2&3 Flashcards

Penis

1
Q

Psychology

A

the scientific study of behavior and mental
processes

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2
Q

behavior

A

something that is directly observable

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3
Q

Basic Research

A

is pure science that aims to increase
the scientific knowledge base

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4
Q

Applied research

A

the scientific study that aims to solve
practical problems

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5
Q

Wilhelmina wundt

A

Father of psychology

The opening of the lab in 1879 is considered the
beginning of the field of psychology

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6
Q

Edward titchener

A

Founder of structuralism

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7
Q

Structuralism

A

First major school of thought in psychology
Theory that structure of conscious experience could be understood by analyzing basic elements of thoughts and sensations
Didnt proove to be very reliable died out

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8
Q

William james

A

First American psychologist and was the founder of functionalism

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9
Q

Functionalism

A

Theory emphasized the functions of consciousness or ways consciousness helps people adapt to their environment

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10
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Is the founder of psychoanalysis, contorversial theory about workings of the uncioncious mind. Believed that abnormal behavior originated from unconscious drives and conflicts

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11
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud theory of personality, attempts to provide insights into thoughts and actions by exposing and interpreting the underlying unconscious motives and conflicts

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12
Q

Freud influence

A

Influential in pop culture, psychodynamic theory, unconscious thoughts and significance of childhood experiences

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13
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Discovered classical conditioning, studied through snimals. Fueled move in psychology towards an interest in observable behaviors and away from self examination of inner ideas and experiences

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14
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Behavior can be manipulated to react to a conditioned stimulus

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15
Q

Reflexes

A

Automatic responses caused by stimulus in environment

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16
Q

Describe conditioned unconditioned stimulus and reflex response in Ivan’s experiment

A

Reflex is dog salivating unconditioned is food conditioned is bell

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17
Q

John watson

A

Founder of behaviorism, , theory of psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors not mental process

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18
Q

Little albert

A

Famous and controversial study from John Watson to demonstrate classical conditioning in humans. Outcome was that humans can be conditioned

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19
Q

Behaviorism

A

Theory that psychology should only study pbservable behaviors not mental process

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20
Q

Bf skimmer

A

American behavioral psychologist who developed fundamental principles and techniques of operant conditioning , influence was behaviorism focuses onclearnimg through rewards and observation

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21
Q

A child touches a hot stove and feels pain. This unpleasant outcome makes the child less likely
to touch the stove in the future

A

Positive punishment

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22
Q
  1. A student studies hard to avoid a bad grade. The unpleasant prospect of failure is removed by
    studying, making the student more likely to study again
A

Negative reinforcement

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23
Q

A teenager is grounded (loss of freedom) for breaking curfew. This removal of privilege
decreases the likelihood of breaking curfew again

A

Negative punishment

24
Q

dog sits on command and gets a treat. This makes the dog more likely to sit on command in
the future because it associates sitting with getting a reward.

A

Positive reinforcement

25
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

Perspective that focuses on study of conscious experience , stresses study of conscious experience and an individuals free will

26
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Humanistic psychologist who proposed hierarchy of needs

27
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Pioneer in study of developmental psychology who introduced a stage theory of cognitive development that led to better understanding of children thought process

28
Q

Kenneth and mamie Philips clark

A

Their work was used in brown vs board of education and overturned segregation in schools

29
Q

Cognitive persepctive

A

School of thought that focuses on how people think, take in process store, retrieve information

30
Q

Biological perspective

A

School of thought that focuses on the psysicsl structures and substance underlying a particular behavior thought or motion

31
Q

Social cultural persoective

A

School of thought that focuses on how thinking or behavior changes in difference situations as a result of cultural influences

32
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

How healthy people strive to reach their full potential

33
Q

Psychodynamic perspectice

A

How behavior is affected by unconscious drives and conflicts

34
Q

Behavior genetics

A

is the school of through that focuses
on how much our genes and our environment influence
our individual differences

35
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

Focuses on principles of natural selection to study the roots of behavior and mental processes

36
Q

Positive psychology

A

Study of optimal human functioning and factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive

37
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Tendency to search info to “proove I’m right”

38
Q

Participant bias

A

Tendency of research participants to behave in s certain way cuz they know they’re being watched and what watcher wants

39
Q

Naturalistic observstiom

A

Observing recording in naturally occurring situation no manipulating the situation

40
Q

Case study

A

Research technique which one person studied in depth to reveal universal principles

41
Q

Positive correlation

A

One value increase so does the other

42
Q

Negative correlation

A

One variable increases the other decreases

43
Q

Survey method

A

Research technique that questions a sample of people to collect info about their attitudes or behaviors

44
Q

Random sample

A

Each member of population has equal chance to being included

45
Q

Longitudinal study

A

Is a research technique that follows the same group of individuals over a long period

46
Q

Cross sectional

A

Compares individuals from different age groups and one time

47
Q

Experiment

A

Research method which researcher manipulates and controls certain variables to observe effects on other variables

48
Q

Operational definitions

A

Explanation of exact procedures used to make a variable specific and measureablefor research purposes

49
Q

Random assignment

A

Procedure for creating group allowing researcher to control for indepividusl differences among research participants

50
Q

Blind procedure

A

Participants don’t know outcome

51
Q

Double blind procedure

A

Data collectors and participants don’t know outcomes

52
Q

Informed consent

A

Participants must be informed about general nature of research and risk

53
Q

Right to necprotected from harm and discomfort

A

May be conducted under certain circumstances

54
Q

Right of confidentiality

A

Individual data about the research participants should never be discussed or released

55
Q

Right to debreifing

A

Participants have a right of recievimg a complete explanation of the research

Ush (21 decks)

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