DNA Flashcards

1
Q

DNA

A

Long chains of nucleotides
Made of phosphates,sugar,bases
Two chains run antiparallel in opposite directions
5’ sugar has a phosphate

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2
Q

Double helix, t pairs with a c pairs with g

A

DNA

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3
Q

DNA replication

A

Makes more dna
Occurs in nucleus
Occurs during a phase of interphase before mitosis and meiosis

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4
Q

DNA replication is semi conservative

A

One old stand one new strand

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5
Q

many enzymes work together to copy dna

A

DNA replication

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6
Q

Helicase

A

Unwinds dna(separates) by breaking hydrogen bonds

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6
Q

Topoisomerase

A

(Person standing on black lines)
Holds dna so it doesn’t retwist

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7
Q

Primase

A

Adds rna primer to start replication ,shows dna polymerase where to attach

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8
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Removes primer and adds can nucleotides in 5 to 3 direction also proofreads to catch errors and mutations

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9
Q

Leading strand

A

Made continuously, dna polymerase moves toward helicase as strands are separating

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10
Q

Lagging strand

A

Made in pieces( Okazaki fragments) bc dna polymerase can only add nucleoTides to growing 3’ end

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11
Q

Ligase

A

Seals together fragments on lagging strand

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12
Q

Uses dna to make mRNA so that the instructions in dna can be brought to the Protien building machinery outside the nucleus, occurs in nucleus of eukaryotic cells

A

Transcription

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13
Q

RNA

A

Single stranded, contains U uracil can be inside or outside nucleus

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14
Q

Helicase

A

Separates 2 strands of dna by breaking hydrogen bonds , uses in transcription

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15
Q

RNA polymerase

A

Build s mRNA using dna template used in transcription

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16
Q

Gene

A

Piece of dna that is use to make mRNA in a protiem

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17
Q

Promoter

A

Start of gene tells rna polymerase where to start

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18
Q

Terminator

A

End of a gene, tells rna polymerase where to stop

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19
Q

mRNA editing

A

Modifications to mRNA after transcription, occurs in nucleus, before the mRNA enters cytoplasm

20
Q

Spliceosome

A

Cuts out non coding pieces of mRNA called introns

21
Q

Introns

A

Non coding pieces of mRNA

22
Q

Exons

A

Coding pieces of mRNA

23
Q

Alternate splicing

A

Different mRNA pieces are considered introns, so multiple different protiems can be made using same gene

24
Q

Two types of mRNA editing

A

Poly tail A: lots of A added, tells cell this is useful mRNA, not to destroy

5’ cap: modified guanine tells cell the mRNA is ready to leave the nucleus to make a Protien

25
Q

Translation

A

Uses mRNA to make a Protien

26
Q

Protiens

A

Chains of amino acids

27
Q

Amino acids

A

Pieces of a Protien

28
Q

Codon

A

A set of 3 mRNA bases that codes for an amino acid

29
Q

Ribosome

A

translation occurs

30
Q

tRNA

A

Transfer amino acid to ribosome

31
Q

Point mutation

A

single base incorrect ( substitution)

32
Q

Frameshift mutation

A

Bases added or deleted

33
Q

How does rna polymerase differ from dna polymersse

A

Rna polymerase can begin adding mRNA nucleotides but dna polymerase requires primate to begin dna synthesis

34
Q

Each stand of the original double stranded dna molecule serves as a template for newly constructed completary strand

A

Characteristic of dna replication

35
Q

When dna is produced from a dna template strand

A

Transcription

36
Q

What would happen if ribosome was disrupted

A

The cell would not be able to make Protiens

37
Q

Messing up dna sequence would result in

A

Change in codons a
Causing different amino acids to be placed in the Protien

38
Q

What happens when a tRNA molecule delivers an amino acid to the ribosome

A

The amino acid is bonded to another amino acid to create a growing polypeptide

39
Q

30 nucleotides results in how many amino acids in a protien

A

10

40
Q

RNA contains

A

Uracil

41
Q
A
42
Q
A
43
Q
A
44
Q
A
45
Q
A
46
Q
A
47
Q
A
48
Q
A