Meiosis mitosis Flashcards
Gametes
Sex cells
What division produces games
Meiosis
Are the cells after meiosis the same or different
Different
Are the cells in mitosis same or different compared to parent cell
Same
Dolphins have 44 chromosomes if a female produces egg cells how many chromosomes will be in the egg
22
Diploid
Contain full set of chromosomes
Haploid
Contains 1/2 the chromosomes
12 chromosomes in sperm what’s the haploid
12
Haploid 12 diploid:
24
Homologous chromosomes
Code for the same trait but maybe different versions
Each organism has 2 alleles for every gene
Where from
Mom dad
What stage to homologous chromosomes come together
Prophase 1
Crossing over
Group of genes are swapped so baby can inherit combos of dna
Independent assortment
Chromosomes line up independently, 8.3 mil possibilities
Relationship of cells between end of meiosis 2 and original cell
New cells has one copy of half of the genetic information of the original cell
S phase
increased amount of dna im cells, Through dna replication
Interphase
Period between cell divisions
End of mitosis how much dna is In each daughter dell compared to original
twice the amount of dna as parent cell
G0
Waite for signal to divide
G1
Cell gets bigger
S
Dan replicates to make 2 copies
G2
Organelles replicate
prophase
“Pop” nucleus opens spindles form
Metaphase
“Middle” chromosomes align in middle of cell
Anaphase
“Apart” sister chromatids pulled apart
Telophase
“Two” cell membrane punches making two cells visible
Sexual reproduction
Mom and dad, provides diversity, meiosis, different
Asexual reproduction
By itself, same traits, mitosis,
Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm divides
Growth factors
Protien secreted by a cell that stimulates growth
Density dependent inhibition
Cells grow until they run out of space
M phase
Asks did all dna connect to spindles
Centriole
Organelles that makes spindle
Spindle
Ropelike protiems that pull chromosomes around cell
Chromosome
Makes of chromatin, coiled, dna wrapped around proteins
Centromere
Gold sister chromatids together
Cyclin
Protien that binds to cdk fo make mpf
Mpf
Helps break apart nuclear membrane so mitosis can occur
Homologous chromosomes
Same genes different alleles
Sister chromatids
1/2 duplicated chromosome makes identical copies
Meiosis
Produces gametes, results in. 4 cells, two divisions make place,
Mitosis
Produces identical daughter cells . Produces diploid cells
Blood cells are
Diploid cells
Gametes haploid or diplooid
Haploid
Crossing over
Chromosomes trade pieces during prophase 1
Independent assortment
Chromosomes align randomly during metaphase 1
Miosis
Dividing genetic material to create sex cells
Diploid chameleon 20
- # cells after g22.# chromosomes after meiosis
- After fertilization
1 40
2 10
3 20
Growth factors
Growth factors bind to receptor protiems causing protiems in the cell fo be phosphorylated to promote cell division
cells before and after meiosis
Half
Crossing over occurs in
Meiosis only
Meiosis results in
4 cells different form each other
How many divisions in meiosis
2
After meiosis 1 how many dells are there
4
Homologous chromosomes
Same games same size
Crossing over
Transfer of genetic information in prophase 1
Types of body cells made in mitosis
Skin, stomach
Spindle fiber role
Separates chromosomes
G2
Organelles replicate, makes sure dna was copied correctly
S
D a replicates
M
Makes sure chromosomes are lined up at the equator
Kinase
Enzyme that provides energy for cell division
Mpf
Provides energy so chromosomes can move around cell
Apoptosis
Cell death
What does g1 ask what is it controlled by
Enough space and food?
P53
Cyclin
binds with cdk to make mpf
Mpf
Helps break nuclear membrane to make mitosis happen
What does g2 ask
Was dna copied correcflt
M checkpoint asks?
During metaphase, did all dna connect to spindles
Meiosis
4 different cells, contains 1/2 chromosomes as parents cell
