Gene regulation Flashcards
Restriction enzymes
Recognize specific dna sequence and cut everytime it finds it
What happened to a gene that is not needed in a particular cell
It is repressed
New antibiotic comes out what happens to bacterial cells
Those not resistant to it die
A gene being used in transcriptions is most likely
Unwound from a histone without a repress or attached to promoter
When T is absent
Repressor disconnects from the DNA, rna polymerase can transcribe the genes
Transcription in eukaryotic cell
Uses dna to make mRNA in nucleus
During transcription substitution mutation occurs which enzyme is most responsible
RNA polymerase
Plasmids
Circular in bacteria cells
Why can genes from one organisms produce same Protien in another species
Transcription and translation work similarly across both species
Disrupted ribosome
Cell can’t make Protiens
Gene regulations
Turns genes on and odd
Transcription
Uses dna to make mRNA in nucleus
Translation
Uses mRNA to make protiems
Promoter
DNA at start of a gene where rna polymerase binds
Transcription factors
Protiens that turn genes on or off
Repressor
A transcription factor that blocks rna polymerase from transcribing dna
Operon
Group of genes controlled by a promoter
Lac operon
Bacteria makes lactase only when lactose is present
Lac operon
Lactose binds to Repressor, changes shape of Repressor and falls off so rna polymerase can attach
Trp operon
Bacteria make tryptophan(amino acid) unless they get it from their surroundings
Trp operon
Tryptophan attaches to Repressor, changing shape so Repressor binds to dna, rna polymerase cannot attatch
Histones
Protiens that dna wraps tightly around
Genetic transformation
Foreign dna is out into a cell
Plasmid
Small circular pieces of dna in bacteria, easy for scientists to apply Protiens it doesn’t naturally make
Plasmid map
Shows all of the genes on a plasmid
Restriction wnzymes
Cut the dna at specific sequences of nucleotides
