Module 17: Respiratory System Flashcards
List the functions of the respiratory system (6)
- provides for gas exchange
- helps regulate blood pH
- contains smell receptors
- filters incoming air
- produces vocal sounds
- excretes water and heat
Name the four respiratory processes (4)
- pulmonary ventilation
- external respiration
- transport of respiratory gases to the tissues
- internal respiration
moving air into and out of the lungs is defined as
pulmonary ventilation
exchange of gases at the alveoli of the lungs is defined as
external respiration
exchange of gases between blood and tissue is defined as
internal respiration
part of the respiratory system (zone) that brings air into or out of the lung is defined as
conducting zone
the part of the respiratory system (zone) where gas exchange takes place
respiratory zone
what structures make up the conducting zone?
- nose
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- terminal bronchioles
what is the function of the conducting zone?
to filter, warm, moisten and conduct air to the lungs
what structures make up the respiratory zone?
- respiratory bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
- alveoli
the respiratory tract is also divided into _____ and _____ portions
upper, lower
upper respiratory tract includes:
- nasal cavity
- oral cavity
- pharynx
- larynx (views differ but for this text know its classified in the upper respiratory tract)
lower respiratory tract includes:
- trachea
- ALL components of the lungs
the upper respiratory tract is full of _____ ______
endogenous (normal) flora, (full of microorganisms)
the lower respiratory tract should be ______
sterile
sputum:
abnormal, thick mucus (spit mixed with respiratory secretions)
the _____ is often cultured if a physician suspects pneumonia.
sputum
Function of nose and paranasal sinuses
Moisturize, warm, & filter
Serves as a passageway for air and food, is a resonating chamber for sound, and house the tonsils
Pharynx
3 zones of pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Lies between the internal mates and has sourest respiratory function
• Eustachian tubes
• houses the pharyngeal tonsils(adenoids)
Nasopharynx
Lies between the moth with both reparatory and digestive functions
•houses the palatine tonsils and the lingual tonsils
Oropharynx
Lies inferior to the oropharynx and opens into the larynx and esophagus
• respiratory and digestive functions
Laryngopharynx
Floating, u-shaped bone in anterior neck
Hyoid bone
“Sorting paddle” that detects and responds to material entering the oropharynx
Epiglottis
Opening of the larynx
Glottis
How is sound produced
By vibrations as air passes the vocal chords
- Connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea.
Larynx
The greater the _____ the louder the sound
Pressure
Single cartilage
Thyroid
Epiglottis
Cricoid
Paired cartilage
Arytenoid
Corniculation & cuneiform
Forms the anterior surface of the larynx
Thyroid
Leaf shaped piece of byline cartilage that closes over the larynx when food or liquids are swallowed. Also allows gases, O2, through the larynx into the trachea
Epiglottis
A ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior portion of the larynx
Cricoid
Influences change in position and tension of the vocal folds
Arytenoid
Support the vocal folds and the epiglottis
Corniculate & cuneiform
- A semi-rigid passageway for air that’s about 12 cm long.
- 16-20 c-shaped rings of cartilage
- posterior surface shared with esophagus
Trachea
Pathway of air
- Outside worlds
- Mouth or nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Left or Right primary Broncos
- Secondary bronchus
- Tertiary bronchus
- Bronchioles
- Terminal bronchioles
- Respiratory bronchioles
- Alveoli
- Bloodstream
Bronchioles end in the basic unit of the lung, the _____
Lobule
Each lobule contains…(4)
Lymph vessel
Arteriole
Venule
Terminal bronchiole
Grape-like clusters at the end of the respiratory bronchioles where has exchange occurs
Alveoli
Which primary bronchus extends more vertically, is wider, and shorter…an aspirated object is more likely to lodge in this side.
Right
An internal ridge where the trachea divides into the right and left bronchi and is used as a landmark when performing a bronchoscopy or visual examination of the bronchi. FYI: it’s a very sensitive area for triggering the cough reflex
Carina (Latin: boat prow)
How many lives in the right lung
3
How many loves in the left lung
2
FYI: there’s 1 secondary bronchus for each love of the lung
🤓
Apex
Superior part of lung
Base
Inferior part of lung
An opening on the medial surface of each lung that lets the primary bronchi, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves enter
Hilum
Visceral pleura
Adheres to lung
Parietal pleura
Adheres to chest wall
Pleural fluid
- reduces frictions
- allows easy movement as the lungs expand and contract
- allows the visceral and parietal pleura because of the surface tension it creates
What is pleurisy
Membrane becomes inflamed