Module 17: Online Review Flashcards
Sympathetic neurons form the ______ in the hilus of the lung.
pulmonary plexus
CO2 diffuses from the pulmonary bloodstream into the alveolar air space, this is called:
External respiration
What structures divides the upper and lower respiratory tracts?
larynx
Sequence the structures of the respiratory airway.
- Trachea
- Primary Bronchi
- Secondary Bronchi
- Tertiary Bronchi
- Terminal Bronchioles
- Respiratory Bronchioles
- Alveolar Ducts
- Alveoli
Which gas law states that the partial pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the percentage of that gas in the mixture?
Dalton’s Law
Which law states that an increase in the partial pressure of a gas will result in more gas dissolved in a solution?
Henry’s Law
The rhythmicity center which contains the inspiratory & expiratory centers is in the:
medulla
The thickness of the alveolar-capillary membrane is:
0.5 micrometers
To allow inspiration, the pressure inside the alveoli must be _____ than atmospheric pressure.
lower
The vagus nerve is responsible for ______ innervation of the lungs.
parasympathetic
____ reacts with water to form carbonic acid, a weak acid.
CO2
Which gas law states that given a constant amount of gas, pressure and volume are inversely related.
Boyle’s Law
Respiration is the process of:
gas exchange in the body
Which nerve originates at the spinal cord levels: C3, C4, C5?
phrenic
The normal ventilation / perfusion ratio is almost equal to:
1
To provide electro-neutraliry, bicarbonate ions are exchanged for:
chloride
Respiratory “dead space” is called:
residual volume
All of the following are cartilage pieces of the larynx..EXCEPT
- epiglottis
- thyroid
- cricoid
- arytenoid
- cuneform
- corniculate
- GLOTTIS
The terminal bronchioles join the respiratory bronchioles from the:
tertiary bronchi
At about 5000 to or 1500 m altitude, the partial pressure of 02 in the atmosphere is ___ sea level
lower than at
What center ensures that the lungs do not overinflate?
Pneumotaxic
Hypoventilation results in high concentration of _____ and_____ blood pH.
C02; low
_______ lubricates the pleural membrane and _______ friction between the lungs and the chest wall.
Pleural fluid; decreases
What pulmonary structures increase the available surface area for gas exchange?
Alveoli
What is the name of the region where the trachea divides into the two primary bronchi?
Carina
What respiratory structure warm and humidify air by creating air turbulence?
Conchae
What structure is responsible for the change in the thoracic cavity during TV breathing?
Diaphragm
What respiratory structure contains the true and false vocal cords?
Larynx
The _____ is posterior to the nasal and oral cavities and functions as a passageway for air and food.
Pharynx
Collapse of the alveoli is termed:
atelectasis
A penetrating gunshot wound or a knife wound that affects the pleural cavity would likely result in
pneumothorax
normal breathing
eupnea
rapid breathing
tachypnea
What would disrupt perfusion?
pulmonary embolus
Increased ___ will increase respiratory rate.
C02
What center coordinates the transition between inspiration and expiration?
apneustic
Gas exchange takes place in the _____ zone. Air movement takes place in the ______ zone.
respiratory; conducting
What is the mechanical process which facilitates mass movement of air in and out of the lungs called?
Pulmonary ventilation
Hyperventilation results in low concentration of
C02
The majority of ___ in the blood is carried as the bicarbonate ion.
C02
The volume of air inspired and expired during normal, quiet breathing is:
tidal volume
The volume of the air that is still present in the thoracic cavity after an individual has maximally exhaled is:
residual volume
Vital capacity is the IRV+TV+?
expiratory reserve volume
A fetus would have a very difficult time surviving if they were born prior to ___ weeks.
23
During inspiration, the volume of the thoracic cavity _____ so that pressure inside the thoracic cavity _____.
increases; decreases
