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Advanced Anatomy & Physiology > Module 17: Online Review > Flashcards

Module 17: Online Review Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic neurons form the ______ in the hilus of the lung.

A

pulmonary plexus

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2
Q

CO2 diffuses from the pulmonary bloodstream into the alveolar air space, this is called:

A

External respiration

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3
Q

What structures divides the upper and lower respiratory tracts?

A

larynx

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4
Q

Sequence the structures of the respiratory airway.

A
  1. Trachea
  2. Primary Bronchi
  3. Secondary Bronchi
  4. Tertiary Bronchi
  5. Terminal Bronchioles
  6. Respiratory Bronchioles
  7. Alveolar Ducts
  8. Alveoli
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5
Q

Which gas law states that the partial pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the percentage of that gas in the mixture?

A

Dalton’s Law

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6
Q

Which law states that an increase in the partial pressure of a gas will result in more gas dissolved in a solution?

A

Henry’s Law

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7
Q

The rhythmicity center which contains the inspiratory & expiratory centers is in the:

A

medulla

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8
Q

The thickness of the alveolar-capillary membrane is:

A

0.5 micrometers

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9
Q

To allow inspiration, the pressure inside the alveoli must be _____ than atmospheric pressure.

A

lower

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10
Q

The vagus nerve is responsible for ______ innervation of the lungs.

A

parasympathetic

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11
Q

____ reacts with water to form carbonic acid, a weak acid.

A

CO2

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12
Q

Which gas law states that given a constant amount of gas, pressure and volume are inversely related.

A

Boyle’s Law

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13
Q

Respiration is the process of:

A

gas exchange in the body

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14
Q

Which nerve originates at the spinal cord levels: C3, C4, C5?

A

phrenic

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15
Q

The normal ventilation / perfusion ratio is almost equal to:

A

1

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16
Q

To provide electro-neutraliry, bicarbonate ions are exchanged for:

A

chloride

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17
Q

Respiratory “dead space” is called:

A

residual volume

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18
Q

All of the following are cartilage pieces of the larynx..EXCEPT

A
  • epiglottis
  • thyroid
  • cricoid
  • arytenoid
  • cuneform
  • corniculate
  • GLOTTIS
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19
Q

The terminal bronchioles join the respiratory bronchioles from the:

A

tertiary bronchi

20
Q

At about 5000 to or 1500 m altitude, the partial pressure of 02 in the atmosphere is ___ sea level

A

lower than at

21
Q

What center ensures that the lungs do not overinflate?

A

Pneumotaxic

22
Q

Hypoventilation results in high concentration of _____ and_____ blood pH.

A

C02; low

23
Q

_______ lubricates the pleural membrane and _______ friction between the lungs and the chest wall.

A

Pleural fluid; decreases

24
Q

What pulmonary structures increase the available surface area for gas exchange?

A

Alveoli

25
Q

What is the name of the region where the trachea divides into the two primary bronchi?

A

Carina

26
Q

What respiratory structure warm and humidify air by creating air turbulence?

A

Conchae

27
Q

What structure is responsible for the change in the thoracic cavity during TV breathing?

A

Diaphragm

28
Q

What respiratory structure contains the true and false vocal cords?

A

Larynx

29
Q

The _____ is posterior to the nasal and oral cavities and functions as a passageway for air and food.

A

Pharynx

30
Q

Collapse of the alveoli is termed:

A

atelectasis

31
Q

A penetrating gunshot wound or a knife wound that affects the pleural cavity would likely result in

A

pneumothorax

32
Q

normal breathing

A

eupnea

33
Q

rapid breathing

A

tachypnea

34
Q

What would disrupt perfusion?

A

pulmonary embolus

35
Q

Increased ___ will increase respiratory rate.

A

C02

36
Q

What center coordinates the transition between inspiration and expiration?

A

apneustic

37
Q

Gas exchange takes place in the _____ zone. Air movement takes place in the ______ zone.

A

respiratory; conducting

38
Q

What is the mechanical process which facilitates mass movement of air in and out of the lungs called?

A

Pulmonary ventilation

39
Q

Hyperventilation results in low concentration of

A

C02

40
Q

The majority of ___ in the blood is carried as the bicarbonate ion.

A

C02

41
Q

The volume of air inspired and expired during normal, quiet breathing is:

A

tidal volume

42
Q

The volume of the air that is still present in the thoracic cavity after an individual has maximally exhaled is:

A

residual volume

43
Q

Vital capacity is the IRV+TV+?

A

expiratory reserve volume

44
Q

A fetus would have a very difficult time surviving if they were born prior to ___ weeks.

A

23

45
Q

During inspiration, the volume of the thoracic cavity _____ so that pressure inside the thoracic cavity _____.

A

increases; decreases

Advanced Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

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