Module 11 - developmental issues, prenatal development, and the newborn Flashcards

1
Q

two types of studies evaluating development

A
  1. cross-sectional study
  2. longitudinal study
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2
Q

cross-sectional studies

A
  • studying multiple age groups at once
    limitations
  • differences may be a product of the era in which subjects grew up, rather than their development
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3
Q

longitudinal study

A
  • studying same individuals over time
    limitation
  • difference may be product of the eras at which the subjects are studied, rather than their development
  • general environment still changes, not neccesarily due to aging
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4
Q

three prenatal stages

A
  1. germinal (1-2 weeks)
  2. embryonic (3-8 weeks)
  3. fetal (9 weeks-birth)
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5
Q

germinal/pre-embryonic stage

A
  • 1-2 weeks
  • starts with zygote (single cell from sperm and egg)
  • divides repeatedly to form clump of identical undifferentiated cells
  • most never make it past this stage
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6
Q

Embryonic stage

A
  • 3-8 weeks
  • inner cells become the embryo, outer cells become the plancenta
  • placental attaches to the wall of the uterus and gives rise to the umbilical chord
  • embryos of different species look very similar to each other
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7
Q

fetal stage

A
  • organs continue to form
  • recognizably human shape
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8
Q

teratogens

A
  • something that is harmful to prenatal development
  • chemicals or organisms that can harm the embryo/feuts (alcohol)
  • placental screens out some, but others slip through
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9
Q

newborn behavior

A
  • automatic reflexes, responses (such as suckling, swallowing)
  • cry for help and comfort
  • habituation
    • lose interest in unchanging stimulation
    • except certain stimuli that they naturally prefer (faces, mothers scent, and voice)
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