Module 11 - developmental issues, prenatal development, and the newborn Flashcards
1
Q
two types of studies evaluating development
A
- cross-sectional study
- longitudinal study
2
Q
cross-sectional studies
A
- studying multiple age groups at once
limitations - differences may be a product of the era in which subjects grew up, rather than their development
3
Q
longitudinal study
A
- studying same individuals over time
limitation - difference may be product of the eras at which the subjects are studied, rather than their development
- general environment still changes, not neccesarily due to aging
4
Q
three prenatal stages
A
- germinal (1-2 weeks)
- embryonic (3-8 weeks)
- fetal (9 weeks-birth)
5
Q
germinal/pre-embryonic stage
A
- 1-2 weeks
- starts with zygote (single cell from sperm and egg)
- divides repeatedly to form clump of identical undifferentiated cells
- most never make it past this stage
6
Q
Embryonic stage
A
- 3-8 weeks
- inner cells become the embryo, outer cells become the plancenta
- placental attaches to the wall of the uterus and gives rise to the umbilical chord
- embryos of different species look very similar to each other
7
Q
fetal stage
A
- organs continue to form
- recognizably human shape
8
Q
teratogens
A
- something that is harmful to prenatal development
- chemicals or organisms that can harm the embryo/feuts (alcohol)
- placental screens out some, but others slip through
9
Q
newborn behavior
A
- automatic reflexes, responses (such as suckling, swallowing)
- cry for help and comfort
- habituation
- lose interest in unchanging stimulation
- except certain stimuli that they naturally prefer (faces, mothers scent, and voice)