Module 1 Flashcards
Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback system?
A) Childbirth
B) Blood sugar regulation
C) Blood clot formation
D) Lactation
B) Blood sugar regulation
How does a positive feedback system affect homeostasis?
A) It maintains equilibrium by counteracting change.
B) It returns the body to a set point.
C) It amplifies the response in the same direction as the original stressor.
D) It prevents any deviation from normal function.
C) It amplifies the response in the same direction as the original stressor.
What is the study of the cause of a disease called?
A) Pathogenesis
B) Etiology
C) Iatrogenic
D) Epidemiology
B) Etiology
A disease with an unknown cause is classified as:
A) Iatrogenic
B) Idiopathic
C) Insidious
D) Pathogenetic
B) Idiopathic
When compensatory mechanisms fail, what is the likely outcome?
A) The body enters a hyperactive state.
B) Homeostasis is maintained.
C) Disease occurs.
D) The immune system immediately attacks the problem.
C) Disease occurs.
Which of the following conditions is classified as acute?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Osteoarthritis
C) Influenza
D) Hypertension
C) Influenza
Which of the following is an example of a symptom rather than a sign?
A) Rash
B) Fever
C) Pain
D) Hypertension
C) Pain
A patient with multiple sclerosis is experiencing a return of symptoms after a period of improvement. This is an example of:
A) Remission
B) Exacerbation
C) Convalescence
D) Syndrome
B) Exacerbation
What does a prognosis indicate?
A) The likelihood of a full recovery
B) The severity of symptoms
C) The risk factors for developing a disease
D) The effectiveness of a specific treatment
A) The likelihood of a full recovery
What does epidemiology study?
A) Individual treatment plans for patients
B) Disease patterns within a population
C) How diseases develop in the body
D) The causes of disease at the cellular level
B) Disease patterns within a population
What distinguishes a pandemic from an epidemic?
A) Epidemics only affect animals.
B) Pandemics spread across multiple regions or globally.
C) Epidemics are more deadly than pandemics.
D) Pandemics only occur in undeveloped countries.
B) Pandemics spread across multiple regions or globally.
Why is understanding pathophysiology crucial for nurses?
A) It helps them create vaccines.
B) It allows them to diagnose patients independently.
C) It enables them to anticipate and correct medical issues.
D) It replaces the need for clinical experience.
C) It enables them to anticipate and correct medical issues.
What is the key difference between morbidity and mortality?
A) Morbidity refers to disease rates, while mortality refers to death rates.
B) Morbidity only applies to infectious diseases.
C) Mortality measures the rate of chronic illness.
D) Morbidity and mortality are interchangeable terms.
A) Morbidity refers to disease rates, while mortality refers to death rates.
Which term describes how a disease develops in the body?
A) Iatrogenic
B) Pathogenesis
C) Convalescence
D) Manifestation
B) Pathogenesis
What is the primary goal of preventative strategies in healthcare?
A) To completely eliminate all diseases
B) To avoid the development of a disease
C) To speed up recovery after illness
D) To create new treatment options
B) To avoid the development of a disease
Which of the following best describes a negative feedback system?
A) A response that amplifies the original stimulus
B) A response that moves the body away from homeostasis
C) A response that maintains a deficit to restore balance
D) A response that has no effect on homeostasis
C) A response that maintains a deficit to restore balance
Which of the following scenarios is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?
A) The body lowering blood pressure after standing up too quickly
B) The pancreas releasing insulin to lower blood sugar
C) Platelet aggregation during blood clot formation
D) The hypothalamus regulating body temperature
C) Platelet aggregation during blood clot formation
A patient develops kidney damage after receiving a medication. What type of condition is this?
A) Idiopathic
B) Iatrogenic
C) Insidious
D) Pathogenetic
B) Iatrogenic
Which of the following is considered a predisposing factor for heart disease?
A) Exposure to a virus
B) Family history of hypertension
C) Accidental trauma
D) Sudden onset of fever
B) Family history of hypertension
A disease that develops gradually over time without clear early symptoms is classified as:
A) Acute
B) Chronic
C) Insidious
D) Exacerbated
C) Insidious
Which of the following is a sign rather than a symptom?
A) Fatigue
B) Dizziness
C) Elevated blood pressure
D) Nausea
C) Elevated blood pressure
Which of the following best describes a syndrome?
A) A disease caused by a single pathogen
B) A collection of signs and symptoms occurring together
C) A temporary reaction to medication
D) A condition with no observable symptoms
B) A collection of signs and symptoms occurring together
Which of the following statements is true regarding remission?
A) It occurs when signs and symptoms worsen.
B) It only applies to infectious diseases.
C) It indicates a decrease in disease manifestations.
D) It signals the progression of a disease to a chronic stage.
C) It indicates a decrease in disease manifestations.
Which term refers to the stage of recovery after a disease?
A) Prognosis
B) Convalescence
C) Exacerbation
D) Pathogenesis
B) Convalescence
What aspect of disease does epidemiology primarily study?
A) The molecular mechanisms of disease development
B) The effectiveness of different treatments
C) The distribution and occurrence of diseases in populations
D) The role of genetics in disease manifestation
C) The distribution and occurrence of diseases in populations
An outbreak of influenza in a single city is classified as:
A) Pandemic
B) Endemic
C) Epidemic
D) Pathogenesis
C) Epidemic
Understanding pathophysiology helps nurses in all of the following ways except:
A) Anticipating clinical situations
B) Diagnosing diseases independently
C) Correcting patient health issues
D) Providing appropriate care
B) Diagnosing diseases independently
What does morbidity measure?
A) The likelihood of disease recurrence
B) The rate of disease within a group
C) The death rate from a disease
D) The effectiveness of a treatment
B) The rate of disease within a group
The mortality rate of a disease refers to:
A) The rate at which people develop the disease
B) The percentage of patients who fully recover
C) The number of deaths caused by the disease
D) The severity of the symptoms
C) The number of deaths caused by the disease
What is the primary focus of disease prevention?
A) Minimizing symptoms after disease onset
B) Avoiding the development of disease
C) Treating disease with medication
D) Extending the duration of remission
B) Avoiding the development of disease
Why is it important to pay attention to lab values in pathophysiology?
A) They determine which diseases are incurable.
B) They show whether a patient’s body is in homeostasis.
C) They replace the need for physical assessments.
D) They indicate the effectiveness of all medications.
B) They show whether a patient’s body is in homeostasis.
Why are concept maps useful for studying pathophysiology?
A) They provide step-by-step treatment plans.
B) They visually organize complex relationships between disease processes.
C) They replace the need for memorization.
D) They focus only on acute diseases.
B) They visually organize complex relationships between disease processes.
