Disease of the Platelets Flashcards
Knowledge based
Which of the following is a hallmark feature of thrombocytosis?
A. Increased risk of bleeding
B. Decreased platelet levels
C. Increased risk of thrombus formation
D. Decreased red blood cell count
C. Increased risk of thrombus formation
Rationale: Thrombocytosis is characterized by increased platelet levels, which increases the risk of thrombus formation.
Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in which of the following clotting factors?
A. Factor VII
B. Factor IX
C. Factor X
D. Factor VIII
D. Factor VIII
Rationale: Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency or abnormality of clotting factor VIII, leading to decreased coagulation.
Von Willebrand disease is primarily caused by a deficiency in which of the following?
A. Platelet factor IV
B. Vitamin K
C. Von Willebrand factor
D. Factor XIII
C. Von Willebrand factor
Rationale: Von Willebrand disease is caused by a deficiency or defect in von Willebrand factor, which is essential for platelet adhesion and aggregation.
Which of the following is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder?
A. Hemophilia A
B. Hemophilia B
C. Von Willebrand disease
D. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
C. Von Willebrand disease
Rationale: Von Willebrand disease is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder and is characterized by decreased platelet adhesion due to a deficiency in von Willebrand factor.
Which of the following is a common cause of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
A. Chronic hypertension
B. Liver disease
C. Blood transfusion reaction
D. Leukemia
C. Blood transfusion reaction
Rationale: DIC is often triggered by an inappropriate immune response, such as a blood transfusion reaction, sepsis, cancer, or OB complications. It leads to widespread coagulation followed by bleeding.
A diagnosis of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is typically confirmed by identifying a mutation in which gene?
A. BRCA1
B. ADAMTS13
C. CFTR
D. F8
B. ADAMTS13
Rationale: TTP is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme ADAMTS13, which cleaves von Willebrand’s factor. A mutation in the ADAMTS13 gene is responsible for the development of this condition.
Which of the following treatment options is commonly used for Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?
A. Anticoagulant therapy
B. Glucocorticoid steroids
C. Vitamin K supplementation
D. Cryoprecipitate infusion
B. Glucocorticoid steroids
Rationale: Glucocorticoid steroids are commonly used to treat ITP by suppressing the autoimmune destruction of platelets.
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of Hemophilia A?
A. Petechiae and purpura
B. Anemia and thrombocytopenia
C. Bleeding into joints and muscles
D. Elevated platelet count
C. Bleeding into joints and muscles
Rationale: Hemophilia A is characterized by bleeding episodes, particularly into joints and muscles due to deficient clotting factor VIII.
Which of the following laboratory findings is expected in a patient with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
A. Elevated platelet count
B. Normal clotting times
C. Decreased D-dimer levels
D. Prolonged clotting times
D. Prolonged clotting times
Rationale: DIC causes widespread clotting and the depletion of clotting factors, leading to prolonged clotting times and elevated D-dimer levels.
Which of the following is the primary goal of treatment for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)?
A. Increase platelet production
B. Remove circulating inhibitors of von Willebrand factor
C. Administer blood transfusions
D. Reduce bleeding risk
B. Remove circulating inhibitors of von Willebrand factor
Rationale: The primary goal in TTP treatment is to remove the circulating inhibitors of von Willebrand factor through plasmapheresis, which prevents excessive clotting and platelet consumption.
A patient presents with spontaneous bruising, petechiae, and a platelet count of 15,000/mm³. Which of the following disorders is most likely the cause?
A. Von Willebrand disease
B. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
C. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
D. Hemophilia A
C. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Rationale: ITP is characterized by autoimmune destruction of platelets, leading to low platelet counts and symptoms such as bruising and petechiae. The platelet count in ITP is often very low (< 20,000/mm³).
Which of the following treatments is most appropriate for a patient diagnosed with Von Willebrand disease (VWD) Type 1?
A. Clotting factor VIII transfusions
B. Administration of desmopressin (DDAVP)
C. Cryoprecipitate infusions
D. Plasmapheresis
B. Administration of desmopressin (DDAVP)
Rationale: Type 1 VWD involves a mild deficiency of von Willebrand factor, and treatment typically includes desmopressin (DDAVP) to stimulate the release of von Willebrand factor. Cryoprecipitate and clotting factor VIII transfusions are usually not needed unless the disease is more severe.
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature between Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)?
A. ITP is associated with bleeding due to platelet destruction, while TTP is associated with bleeding and clotting.
B. ITP results from a genetic mutation, while TTP is acquired.
C. ITP primarily affects women of childbearing age, while TTP is more common in men.
D. TTP is treated with desmopressin, while ITP requires splenectomy.
A. ITP is associated with bleeding due to platelet destruction, while TTP is associated with bleeding and clotting.
Rationale: ITP results from the autoimmune destruction of platelets, leading to bleeding. TTP is characterized by thrombocytopenia due to platelet aggregation and clot formation, causing both bleeding and thrombosis.
A patient with Hemophilia A is experiencing excessive bleeding after minor trauma. Which of the following treatments should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient?
A. Administration of desmopressin (DDAVP)
B. Platelet transfusion
C. Cryoprecipitate infusion
D. Clotting factor VIII transfusions
D. Clotting factor VIII transfusions
Rationale: Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII. The most appropriate treatment for Hemophilia A involves transfusions of clotting factor VIII to manage bleeding episodes.
Which of the following clinical manifestations is most consistent with a diagnosis of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
A. Spontaneous bruising and epistaxis
B. Uncontrolled bleeding at multiple sites, such as from puncture wounds and mucous membranes
C. Elevated platelet count and deep vein thrombosis
D. Joint bleeding with mild bleeding tendencies
B. Uncontrolled bleeding at multiple sites, such as from puncture wounds and mucous membranes
Rationale: DIC leads to both widespread clotting and bleeding due to the depletion of clotting factors. The patient may experience uncontrolled bleeding from multiple sites.
A patient is diagnosed with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP). Which of the following interventions is a priority in the treatment of TTP?
A. Desmopressin (DDAVP) administration
B. Platelet transfusion
C. Plasmapheresis
D. Cryoprecipitate infusion
C. Plasmapheresis
Rationale: Plasmapheresis is the primary treatment for TTP. It helps remove the circulating inhibitors of von Willebrand factor and improves the patient’s platelet count and organ function.
Which of the following statements is true regarding Von Willebrand disease (VWD) and Hemophilia A?
A. VWD is more common in males and usually causes joint bleeding.
B. Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in von Willebrand factor.
C. Both VWD and Hemophilia A can be treated with desmopressin (DDAVP).
D. VWD Type 2 is associated with the absence of von Willebrand factor.
C. Both VWD and Hemophilia A can be treated with desmopressin (DDAVP).
Rationale: While VWD Type 1 can be treated with desmopressin to increase von Willebrand factor levels, Hemophilia A can also benefit from DDAVP, which can stimulate the release of factor VIII in mild cases.
A nurse is caring for a patient with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). The patient has low platelets and exhibits signs of bleeding. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?
A. Administer platelet transfusions immediately.
B. Prepare for the patient’s splenectomy.
C. Start glucocorticoid therapy as prescribed.
D. Administer vitamin K to reverse bleeding.
C. Start glucocorticoid therapy as prescribed.
Rationale: Glucocorticoid steroids are commonly used to treat ITP to reduce autoimmune platelet destruction. Platelet transfusions are typically only indicated if bleeding is severe.
A 25-year-old male with a history of excessive bleeding presents with joint pain, easy bruising, and a low clotting factor VIII level. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
A. Hemophilia A
B. Von Willebrand disease
C. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
D. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
A. Hemophilia A
Rationale: Hemophilia A is characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII, leading to excessive bleeding, particularly in the joints. It is more common in males due to its X-linked recessive inheritance.
Which of the following is a key distinguishing factor between Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
A. TTP primarily affects platelets due to the aggregation of von Willebrand factor, while DIC is caused by widespread clotting factor consumption.
B. TTP is primarily treated with plasmapheresis, while DIC requires clotting factor transfusions.
C. DIC is more common in children, while TTP is more common in adults.
D. DIC is associated with bleeding at multiple sites, while TTP causes only thrombosis.
Which of the following is a key distinguishing factor between Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
A. TTP primarily affects platelets due to the aggregation of von Willebrand factor, while DIC is caused by widespread clotting factor consumption.
B. TTP is primarily treated with plasmapheresis, while DIC requires clotting factor transfusions.
C. DIC is more common in children, while TTP is more common in adults.
D. DIC is associated with bleeding at multiple sites, while TTP causes only thrombosis.
