Ineffective Tissue Perfusion: Atherosclerosis Flashcards
What is the primary cause of atherosclerosis?
A) Vessel wall injury
B) Low HDL levels
C) High blood pressure
D) Diabetes
A) Vessel wall injury
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease triggered by injury to the vessel wall, leading to thickening, hardening, and calcification of lesions on the arterial wall.
Which of the following is a common complication associated with atherosclerosis?
A) Pulmonary embolism
B) Arterial obstruction
C) Myocardial ischemia
D) Cerebral hemorrhage
B) Arterial obstruction
Rationale: Atherosclerosis leads to the thickening and hardening of arterial walls, causing obstruction of blood flow, which can result in complications like myocardial ischemia and stroke.
A 60-year-old patient presents with intermittent chest pain, especially during physical exertion. The patient’s medical history includes high LDL levels and hypertension. Based on the symptoms and risk factors, what condition is most likely?
A) Pulmonary embolism
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Aneurysm
D) Dyslipidemia
B) Atherosclerosis
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms of chest pain, along with their history of high LDL levels and hypertension, suggest atherosclerosis, which can lead to arterial blockages and myocardial ischemia.
What is the most common treatment option for atherosclerosis?
A) Angioplasty
B) Heart transplant
C) Bypass surgery
D) Medications for dyslipidemia
D) Medications for dyslipidemia
Rationale: The primary treatment for atherosclerosis usually involves lifestyle changes and medications for managing dyslipidemia, such as statins. Additional treatments like angioplasty or bypass may be used depending on the severity of the condition.
A 55-year-old patient with a history of smoking, obesity, and high cholesterol is diagnosed with severe atherosclerosis and has a blockage in one of the coronary arteries. The cardiologist recommends angioplasty as part of the treatment plan. Which procedure will be performed?
A) A bypass of the blocked artery
B) Laser procedures to remove plaque
C) Stent placement to open the blocked artery
D) Atherectomy to cut away plaque
C) Stent placement to open the blocked artery
Rationale: Angioplasty involves the use of a balloon catheter to open up the blocked artery, and often a stent is placed to keep the artery open.
Which of the following is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis?
A) Chest pain during physical activity
B) Abnormal heart sounds
C) Severe shortness of breath
D) Constant headache
A) Chest pain during physical activity
Rationale: Chest pain (angina) during exertion is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis due to restricted blood flow to the heart.
A patient is diagnosed with atherosclerosis, and the doctor is considering using atherectomy as a treatment option. What would this procedure involve?
A) Removal of plaque using a surgical approach
B) Insertion of a stent to open the artery
C) Using a laser to break up plaque
D) Removal of plaque using a catheter-based device
D) Removal of plaque using a catheter-based device
Rationale: Atherectomy involves using a catheter with a cutting or grinding device to remove plaque from the artery.
Which of the following vitamins might be used in the treatment of atherosclerosis?
A) B-complex vitamins
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin C
A) B-complex vitamins
Rationale: B-complex vitamins are sometimes included in the treatment of atherosclerosis to help manage homocysteine levels and promote overall vascular health.
