Decreased Cardiac Output of Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
What is dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by?
A. Thick, stiff ventricle walls
B. Dysfunctional, stretched, and thin ventricle walls
C. Rigid ventricle walls
D. Enlarged atria
B. Dysfunctional, stretched, and thin ventricle walls
Rationale: Dilated cardiomyopathy involves weakened and enlarged ventricles with stretched, thin walls, which impair heart function and decrease cardiac output.
Which of the following is a common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy?
A. Radiation exposure to the chest
B. Pregnancy, chemotherapy, and alcohol abuse
C. Aortic stenosis
D. Myocardial infarction
B. Pregnancy, chemotherapy, and alcohol abuse
Rationale: Dilated cardiomyopathy can be caused by various factors such as chemotherapy, alcoholism, drug abuse (like cocaine or amphetamines), and even pregnancy.
What are common manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy?
A. Chest pain and dizziness
B. Dyspnea, fatigue, and nonproductive cough
C. Syncope and fever
D. Palpitations and numbness
B. Dyspnea, fatigue, and nonproductive cough
Rationale: Dilated cardiomyopathy commonly manifests with dyspnea (difficulty breathing), fatigue, nonproductive cough, and other symptoms that reflect reduced heart function.
What is a common diagnostic tool for cardiomyopathy?
A. Blood pressure monitoring
B. History, physical exam, imaging, and heart catheterization
C. Electrocardiogram (EKG) only
D. Biopsy of myocardial tissue
B. History, physical exam, imaging, and heart catheterization
Rationale: Cardiomyopathy is diagnosed using a combination of history, physical exam, imaging, heart catheterization, and nuclear studies to assess heart structure and function.
What is a common treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy?
A. Anticoagulants and exercise therapy
B. Pacemaker, medications, lifestyle modifications, and heart transplant
C. Diuretics and corticosteroids
D. Surgery to remove muscle tissue
B. Pacemaker, medications, lifestyle modifications, and heart transplant
Rationale: Treatment options for dilated cardiomyopathy include medications, pacemaker therapy, lifestyle changes, and, in severe cases, heart transplantation.
What is the main characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
A. Dysfunctional, stretched, and thin ventricle walls
B. Rigid ventricle walls
C. Thick, stiff ventricle walls
D. Enlarged atria
C. Thick, stiff ventricle walls
Rationale: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by thickened, stiff ventricle walls that impair normal heart function, leading to decreased cardiac output and difficulty with blood flow.
Which of the following are symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
A. Dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, syncope, orthopnea
B. Abdominal pain, chest pain, and edema
C. Sudden weight gain, joint pain, and dizziness
D. Vomiting, diarrhea, and tachycardia
A. Dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, syncope, orthopnea
Rationale: Symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy often include shortness of breath on exertion, fatigue, fainting (syncope), orthopnea (difficulty breathing while lying down), and possible dysrhythmias.
What is the typical treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
A. Blood pressure medications and anti-inflammatory drugs
B. Medications, surgical removal of excess muscle tissue, and avoidance of strenuous activity
C. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy
D. Anticoagulants and beta-blockers
B. Medications, surgical removal of excess muscle tissue, and avoidance of strenuous activity
Rationale: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is treated with medications to manage symptoms, surgical removal of excess muscle tissue, and avoiding intense physical exertion to reduce strain on the heart.
What is the main characteristic of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
A. Dysfunctional, stretched, and thin ventricle walls
B. Thick, stiff ventricle walls
C. Rigid ventricle walls
D. Enlarged atria
C. Rigid ventricle walls
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by rigid, stiff ventricle walls that restrict normal heart expansion and reduce the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently.
What causes restrictive cardiomyopathy?
A. Heart attack
B. Radiation exposure, scar tissue buildup, and cardiac tumors
C. Alcohol abuse
D. Genetic mutations
B. Radiation exposure, scar tissue buildup, and cardiac tumors
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy is often caused by radiation exposure to the chest, scar tissue buildup, or the presence of cardiac tumors, which lead to stiffened and noncompliant ventricle walls.
What are the common symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
A. Chest pain, dyspnea, orthopnea, abnormal lung sounds
B. Fever, chills, joint pain, and fatigue
C. Shortness of breath, swelling, and excessive urination
D. Nausea, vomiting, and confusion
A. Chest pain, dyspnea, orthopnea, abnormal lung sounds
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy often leads to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath (dyspnea), orthopnea, and abnormal lung sounds due to poor blood flow and fluid accumulation in the lungs.
What is the treatment for restrictive cardiomyopathy?
A. Chemotherapy and lifestyle changes
B. Addressing the underlying causes, heart transplant if necessary
C. Anticoagulants and pacemaker
D. Surgical removal of excess muscle tissue
B. Addressing the underlying causes, heart transplant if necessary
Rationale: Treatment for restrictive cardiomyopathy involves addressing the underlying cause (such as radiation exposure or scar tissue), and in severe cases, a heart transplant may be required.
