Models of Treatments

Question 1

What is cognitive therapy?

Answer 1

Cognitive therapy notes that thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are interconnected, and that changing negative thoughts and beliefs can lead to changes in feelings and behaviours.

Question 2

How does cognitive therapy address negative thoughts?

Answer 2

Identification of Negative Thoughts: It involves helping individuals recognize their patterns of negative thinking and the situations in which they typically occur.

Challenging Negative Thoughts: Once negative thoughts are identified, cognitive therapy works on challenging and questioning the validity of these thoughts, encouraging individuals to view situations from different perspectives.

Question 3

What are the skill development in cognitive therapy?

Answer 3

Cognitive therapy involves teaching individuals coping skills and strategies to manage stress and emotional distress, such as problem-solving or relaxation techniques.

Question 4

What is behaviour therapy?

Answer 4

Behavioural therapy is a broad term encompassing a variety of therapeutic techniques that aim to identify and help change potentially self-destructive or unhealthy behaviours.

Question 5

What is the primary goal of behaviour therapy?

Answer 5

The primary goal of behavioural therapy is to foster positive behaviour changes.

Question 6

What are 4 behaviour therapies?

Answer 6

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Applied Behaviour Analysis
Systematic Desensitisation
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy

Question 7

What is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 7

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) combines behavioural therapy with cognitive therapy. CBT aims to change patterns of thinking or behaviour that are causing people’s problems, and thus change the way they feel. It involves identifying and challenging negative thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes, and replacing them with more realistic and positive ones.

Question 8

What is Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA)

Answer 8

Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) is a scientific approach to understanding behaviour and how it is affected by the environment. It involves the application of learning principles to bring about positive changes in behaviour.

ABA is commonly used to help individuals with autism and other developmental disorders. Techniques include reinforcement, prompting, and task analysis to teach new skills and reduce problematic behaviours.

Question 9

What is Systematic Desensitisation?

Answer 9

Systematic Desensitisation is a behavioural therapy technique used to reduce anxiety and phobic responses. It involves gradually exposing a person to the feared object or situation in a controlled manner while teaching relaxation techniques to cope with the anxiety. The process typically involves creating a hierarchy of fears, from least to most anxiety-provoking, and progressively working through these steps.

Question 10

What is Dialectical Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 10

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is a type of CBT designed to help people manage emotional regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and mindfulness. Originally developed for treating borderline personality disorder, DBT combines standard cognitive-behavioural techniques with concepts of acceptance and mindfulness, focusing on balancing acceptance and change.

Question 11

How does CBT differ from ABA?

Answer 11

Focus: CBT focuses on changing thought patterns and emotional responses, while ABA focuses on modifying observable behaviours.

Approach: CBT uses cognitive restructuring and emotion regulation strategies, whereas ABA uses reinforcement and other behaviour modification techniques.

Question 12

How does CBT differ from DBT?

Answer 12

Focus: CBT primarily targets changing negative thought patterns and behaviours, whereas DBT emphasises managing emotions, improving relationships, and balancing acceptance with change.

Techniques: CBT uses cognitive restructuring and problem-solving, while DBT incorporates mindfulness, distress tolerance, and emotion regulation techniques.

Structure: CBT is generally more structured and time-limited, whereas DBT involves ongoing therapy and skills training, often in both individual and group settings.

Population: While both therapies can be used for various mental health issues, DBT is specifically designed to help individuals with severe emotion regulation problems, such as those with borderline personality disorder.

Question 13

What is Psychodynamic Therapy?

Answer 13

Psychodynamic Therapy seeks to understand the underlying and often unconscious psychological forces that contribute to emotional distress, problematic behaviours, or difficulties in relationships.

Question 14

What is the goal of Psychodynamic Therapy?

Answer 14

The goal of Psychodynamic Therapy is to increase the client’s self-awareness and understanding of the influence of the past on the present behaviour, which leads to greater insight into their emotional life and decision-making.

Question 15

What is transference and countertransferance?

Answer 15

Transference: Where the client unconsciously redirects feelings and attitudes from past relationships onto the therapist. These feelings often stem from significant relationships, particularly those with early caregivers.

Countertransference: When the therapist projects their own unconscious feelings, attitudes, and experiences onto the client. This can be influenced by the therapist’s own past relationships and unresolved conflicts.

Question 16

What are 3 psychodynamic therapy techniques to explore the unconscious?

Answer 16

Free Association: Allows unconscious thoughts to surface through spontaneous speech.

Dream Analysis: Explores symbolic representations of the unconscious in dreams.

Interpretation of Transference: Examines how past relationships influence current feelings toward the therapist.

Question 17

What is the difference between CBT and Psychodynamic Therapy?

Answer 17

Focus: CBT is present-focused and problem-solving, targeting specific thoughts and behaviours, whereas psychodynamic therapy delves into the unconscious and past experiences to gain insight into present behaviour.

Duration and Structure: CBT is typically structured and short-term, with clearly defined goals and techniques, while psychodynamic therapy is more open-ended and long-term, with a focus on deep, lasting change.

Question 18

What is Interpersonal Therapy?

Answer 18

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) is a structured, time-limited form of psychotherapy that focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and social functioning to help reduce distress and improve mental health.

Question 19

What is the premise of IPT?

Answer 19

IPT is based on the premise that psychological symptoms, such as depression, are often related to problems in interpersonal relationships.

Question 20

What are 3 goals of IPT?

Answer 20

Improve communication and problem solving skills

Enhance social support and reduce social isolation

Resolve specific interpersonal problems contributing to psychological symptoms

Question 21

What is Family Systems Therapy?

Answer 21

Family systems therapy is a branch of psychotherapy that focuses on treating family relationships to foster healing and growth.

Question 22

What is the premise of Family Systems Therapy?

Answer 22

Family Systems Therapy operates under the premise that individuals cannot be fully understood in isolation from their family unit, as families are systems of interconnected and interdependent individuals, where each member affects and is affected by every other member.

Question 23

How do IPT and Family Systems Therapy differ?

Answer 23

Focus: IPT focuses on the individual’s current interpersonal relationships and their impact on mental health, whereas Family Systems Therapy focuses on the family as an interconnected system and its dynamics.

Techniques: IPT uses techniques aimed at improving the individual’s communication and resolving specific interpersonal issues. Family Systems Therapy employs techniques that address family roles, communication patterns, and systemic conflicts.

Question 24

What is Humanistic Therapy?

Answer 24

Humanistic Therapy is a psychological approach that emphasises individual potential and stresses the importance of growth and self-actualisation.

Question 25

What is the premise for Humanistic Therapy?

Answer 25

The Humanistic Therapy method is grounded in the belief that people are inherently good and that mental and social problems result from deviations from this natural tendency.

Question 26

What does Non-Pathologising mean in regards to Humanistic Therapy?

Answer 26

Non-Pathologising in Humanistic Therapy suggests that mental health issues are not diseases or disorders but normal parts of life or reactions to environmental and societal pressures.

Question 27

What does Self-Actualisation mean in regards to Humanistic Therapy?

Answer 27

A key goal in Humanistic Therapy is helping individuals reach their full potential or self-actualisation. This is a process of realising one’s own capabilities and being motivated by the desire to fulfil one’s own potential rather than by the need to appease societal pressures

Question 28

What are 3 types of Humanistic Therapy?

Answer 28

Client-Centred Therapy (Rogers): Developed by Carl Rogers, this approach focuses on providing a supportive environment where clients can explore and understand their feelings.

Gestalt Therapy (Perls): This therapy emphasises awareness and understanding of the present moment, integrating thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.

Existential Therapy (Frankl, May): This approach explores the client’s search for meaning and purpose in life, addressing existential concerns such as freedom, choice, and responsibility.

Question 29

What is Narrative Therapy?

Answer 29

Narrative Therapy is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping individuals identify and reshape the stories they tell about their lives.

Question 30

What is the premise of Narrative Therapy?

Answer 30

Narrative Therapy is based on the idea that people construct their identities and make sense of their experiences through narratives. By examining and rewriting these narratives, clients can gain a better understanding of their lives and develop more empowering and positive self-stories.

Question 31

What is Deconstruction in Narrative Therapy?

Answer 31

Deconstruction is the process of breaking down and analysing dominant narratives to understand how they have been constructed and how they affect the individual. This helps clients identify and challenge societal, cultural, and personal assumptions that shape their stories and contribute to their problems.

Question 32

What is Externalisation in Narrative Therapy?

Answer 32

Externalisation involves separating the person from their problems, viewing issues as external to the individual rather than inherent to their identity. This helps clients see their problems as something they can influence and change, rather than as fixed aspects of themselves.

Question 33

How does Narrative Therapy align with and support Aboriginal Culture?

Answer 33

Emphasis on Storytelling: Storytelling is a fundamental part of Aboriginal cultures, used to convey knowledge, traditions, and values across generations. Narrative Therapy values personal and communal narratives, making storytelling a central component of the therapeutic process.

Holistic Approach:
Aboriginal perspectives on health and well-being are holistic, considering physical, emotional, spiritual, and social dimensions.
Narrative Therapy addresses the interconnectedness of individuals’ personal, familial, and community narratives, acknowledging the broader social and cultural contexts.

Collective Identity and Community Focus:
Aboriginal Culture emphasises collective identity, community involvement, and the importance of relationships. Narrative Therapy: recognizes the impact of social and cultural narratives on individual identity, supporting the exploration of these narratives within a community context.

Empowerment and Resistance:
Aboriginal Communities have a history of resilience and resistance against colonisation and cultural oppression. By externalising problems and focusing on unique outcomes, Narrative Therapy empowers individuals to reclaim and re-author their stories, fostering resilience against oppressive narratives.

Question 34

How does Narrative Therapy differ from CBT?

Answer 34

Focus:
Narrative Therapy centres on the stories and narratives that shape an individual’s identity and experiences.
CBT: Centres on changing specific thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to distress.

Techniques:
Narrative Therapy uses techniques like externalisation, deconstruction, and re-authoring of stories.
CBT uses techniques like cognitive restructuring, behavioural experiments, and skills training.

Question 35

What is Solution Focused Therapy?

Answer 35

Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT) is a type of talking therapy that’s designed to encourage positive change rather than focusing on past problems.

Question 36

What is the premise of Solution Focused Therapy?

Answer 36

Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) is based on the premise that clients possess the resources and strengths needed to solve their problems. Instead of focusing on the origins and details of problems, SFT emphasises building solutions and envisioning a desired future.

Question 37

What are Scaling Questions in Solution Focused Therapy?

Answer 37

Scaling Questions: Clients rate their current position on a scale from 0 to 10 regarding their progress towards their goals, helping to measure improvement and identify steps forward.

Question 38

What is the Miracle Question in Solution Focused Therapy?

Answer 38

The Miracle Question is a technique used in Solution Focused Therapy (SFT) to help clients envision how their life would be different if their problems were suddenly resolved.

The Miracle Question aims to help clients articulate their desired future without the constraints of their current problems. It shifts the focus from problems to solutions and possibilities, encouraging clients to think creatively about change.

Question 39

How does Solution Focused Therapy differ from CBT?

Answer 39

Focus:
SFT centres on building solutions and the desired future, emphasizing the client’s strengths and resources. CBT focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviours to alleviate distress.

Therapeutic Relationship:
In SFT the therapist acts as a facilitator, empowering clients to discover and build their own solutions. In CBT the therapist takes an active, directive role in guiding the therapy process and teaching skills.

Time Orientation:
SFT focuses primarily on the future and what the client wants to achieve. CBT addresses present thought patterns and behaviours with an eye towards future outcomes and prevention.

Question 40

What is Motivational Interviewing?

Answer 40

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a client-centred, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence.

Question 41

What is the premise for Motivational Interviewing?

Answer 41

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is based on the premise that individuals have the inherent capacity and desire for change.

MI is grounded in the principles of collaboration, evocation, and autonomy, creating a supportive environment that empowers individuals to find their own motivations and solutions for change.

Question 42

What is Ambivalence in Motivational Interviewing?

Answer 42

Ambivalence refers to a state of having mixed or contradictory feelings about change. It is a common experience for individuals contemplating behavioural change, where they simultaneously hold positive and negative views about making a change.

Question 43

What are the primary applications for Motivational Interviewing?

Answer 43

Substance Use Disorder

Health Behaviours (e.g. diet, exercise)

Question 44

What are the 5 stages in the Stages of Change Model in regards to Motivational Interviewing?

Answer 44

Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance

Question 45

Is Motivational Interviewing a behaviour therapy?

Answer 45

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is not traditionally categorized as a behaviour therapy. While it shares some common goals with behaviour therapies, such as facilitating change in behaviour, MI is distinct in its approach and methodology.

Question 46

What is the difference between Motivational Interviewing and CBT?

Answer 46

MI: Focuses on enhancing the client’s motivation to change by resolving ambivalence and eliciting change talk.

CBT: Focuses on changing specific thought patterns and behaviours to alleviate psychological distress.