Models of Memory - SAQ

Question 1

What does the MSM propose?

Answer 1

The existence of three separate but sequentially linked memory systems

Question 2

Who proposed the MSM?

Answer 2

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 3

What are the 3 stores of the MSM?

Answer 3

Sensory memory

Short term memory

Long term memory

Question 4

What is the sensory memory?

Answer 4

Contains a fleeting impression of a sensory stimulus (sight or a sound).

Question 5

What is short term memory?

Answer 5

A limited recollection of recently perceived stimuli (a telephone number, an order of drinks).

Question 6

What is long term memory?

Answer 6

A more or less permanent store of memories for later retrieval (our telephone number).

Question 7

What is the duration of the sensory memory?

Answer 7

1 second for visual stimuli

2-5 seconds for auditory stimuli

Question 8

What is the capacity of the sensory memory?

Answer 8

Everything in the perceptual field

Question 9

What are the conditions required to move to the next store for the sensory memory?

Answer 9

Attention (if a unit of information is attended to, it does not decay but moves to short term memory)

Question 10

What is the duration of the short term memory?

Answer 10

Less than 30 seconds

Question 11

How can you increase the duration of the short term memory?

Answer 11

Rehearsal

Question 12

What is the capacity of the short term memory?

Answer 12

7 ± 2 chunks of information

Question 13

Who came up with 7 ± 2?

Answer 13

Miller (1956)

Question 14

How to increase capacity of short term memory?

Answer 14

By chunking information

Question 15

What are the conditions to move to the next store for STM?

Answer 15

Rehearsal

Question 16

What is the duration of the long term memory?

Answer 16

Not yet established. Potentially forever.

Question 17

What is the capacity of the long term memory?

Answer 17

Not yet established. Potentially unlimited.

Question 18

What are the 3 characteristics of each store?

Answer 18

Duration

Capacity

Conditions necessary for info to move to the next store

Question 19

Evaluation for MSM

Answer 19

Supported by many research studies

First model to distinguish between STM and LTM.

Question 20

Evaluation against MSM

Answer 20

Too simplistic

Doesn’t explain distortion or why traumatic experiences are extremely vivid.

Question 21

Name study for SAQ MSM

Answer 21

Glanzer & Cunitz

Question 22

When was Glanzer & Cunitz?

Answer 22

1966

Question 23

What were the participants shown in the Glanzer & Cunitz (1966)

Answer 23

15 lists containing 15 words.

Question 24

What was the aim of the Glanzer & Cunitz (1966)?

Answer 24

To investigate the serial position effect as evidence for there being two separate stores of memory.

Question 25

What were the 3 conditions?

Answer 25

Immediate recall after being shown the list.

Recall after a 10 second interference task

Recall after a 30 second interference task

Question 26

What was the result of the immediate recall condition?

Answer 26

They showed the expected ‘U’ curve.

Question 27

What was the result of the 10 second delay condition?

Answer 27

Similar primacy effect but a lot less of a recency effect.

Question 28

What was the result of the 30 second delay condition?

Answer 28

Primacy effect was still high but there was nearly no recency effect.

Question 29

What is the conclusion of the Glanzer and Cunitz (1966)?

Answer 29

Preventing rehearsal on the 30 second delay condition leads to information not being able to pass to the LTM and therefore preventing the recency effect.

This presents 2 separate memory stores at work.

Question 30

What is the U curve of the serial position effect?

Answer 30

More items recalled from the beginning and the end of the list. (Recency and Primary effect)