Acculturation - SAQ

Question 1

Definition of acculturation

Answer 1

Process of psychological and cultural change as a result of contact and interaction between cultures and internalising the norms

Question 2

When did Berry come with the two dimensional model of acculturation?

Answer 2

1977

Question 3

What did the model theorise?

Answer 3

Individuals could adopt 4 strategies of cultural change

Question 4

What were the 4 strategies?

Answer 4

Assimilation
Integration
Seperation
Marginalisation

Question 5

Assimilation

Answer 5

Individuals are open to change and not concerned about the loss of connection with their original culture. They adjust their behaviour, attitudes and beliefs to the norms of the dominant culture.

Question 6

Integration

Answer 6

Individuals preserve their original values and beliefs, but at the same time explore relationships with other cultures.

Question 7

Seperation

Answer 7

Individuals value their original culture, they are afraid of losing it and, as a result, actively avoid contact with other cultures.

Question 8

Marginalisation

Answer 8

Individuals do not maintain their original culture, but neither do they seek contact with other cultures.

Question 9

What is acculturative stress?

Answer 9

Acculturation can lead to acculturative stress as it can be stressful to acculturate. This can cause individuals to suffer from obesity, substance abuse and cardiovascular disease.

Question 10

What study is used for acculturation?

Answer 10

Lueck & Wilson

Question 11

When was the study?

Answer 11

2010

Question 12

What was the aim of the study?

Answer 12

to investigate the variables that may predict acculturative stress in a nationally representative sample of Asian immigrants and Asian Americans.

Question 13

What was the sample size?

Answer 13

2095

Question 14

Who were the participants?

Answer 14

Asian Americans

Question 15

What were the two groups in the sample?

Answer 15

Participants who were first generation immigrants and the others were born in the US to first generation participants

Question 16

What did the researchers do?

Answer 16

Carried out semi-structured interviews

Question 17

Who were the interviewers?

Answer 17

They had cultural and linguistic backgrounds similar to those of the sample population

Question 18

How were the interviews conducted?

Answer 18

By the internet or face to face

Question 19

What happened after the interviews?

Answer 19

A randomly selected sample of participants was contacted to validate the data taken from their interviews.

Question 20

What did the interviews measure?

Answer 20

The participants’ level of acculturative stress.

They also measured the impact of language proficiency, language preference, discrimination, social networks, family cohesion, and socioeconomic status on acculturative stress.

Question 21

What were the results?

Answer 21

70% of participants had acculturative stress according to their scores

Question 22

Conclusions

Answer 22

Sharing similar values and beliefs as a family significantly contributed to lowering acculturative stress

Acculturative stress was significantly lower among those who were very satisfied with their economic opportunities in the US

Negative treatment – including prejudice, xenophobia, harassment, and threats - significantly contributed to higher acculturative stress

Question 23

Another aspect of acculturation is what psychologists call acculturation gaps.

Answer 23

These are generational differences in acculturation and how this leads to conflict within the family.

Immigrant parents and their children live in different cultural worlds.

As a result of the school system, children of immigrants will have more contact with the new culture than their parents.

They will usually develop language skills faster and acculturate more quickly to the values of the new culture.

For immigrant children, it can be difficult to live with the expectations and demands of one culture in the home and another at school.

Children may not turn to their parents with problems and concerns, believing their parents do not know the culture; instead, they will turn to peers or adults in the new culture for advice.