models of memory

Question 1

what is the information processing model?

Answer 1

a framework used to describe the process of the brain

• memory is seen as a continuous dimension in which memories are encoded related to the ease with which they can be retrieved. The deeper the processing of the information, the better chance of retrieving it.

Question 2

what is the phonological loop

Answer 2

• “phono” = phone = hearing
• is auditory working memory. It is the storage of what we hear. It is this storage which helps us understand a sentence of more than a few words.

Question 3

what is the visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 3

• visuo = vison
• the storage system for visual information in working memory
• This is visual short-term memory, the storage of what we see. This is the store we use to help us picture what a room would look like if we made changes.

Question 4

what is the functional component of working memory that is responsible for switching attention from task to task, deciding what material is to be retrieved from or committed to long-term memory and for performing calculations and making linkages

Answer 4

Central Executive

Question 5

what does central executive do?

Answer 5

puts together the sounds and vision of working memory and controls our attention, which enables us to perform mental manipulation of data.

Question 6

what are the 3 main functions of the central executive do?

Answer 6

inhibition: aspect of attention, screening out irrelevant info
- when people are talking during class

switching: changing attention from one item to another
- listening to the lyrics of a song rather than concentrating on what you are typing

updating: modifying items brought from long term memory before recommitting them to memory through the episodic buffer
- when the incorrect code (to the phone) was replaced with the correct one.

Question 7

what is the episodic buffer?

Answer 7

• a theoretical component of working memorythat acts as both a bridge and a filter(for auditory and visual information) between long-term memory and the central executive and storage components in working memory
• helps retrieve info from Long Term Memory to associate with information that is in working memory, and to select and encode information into long term memory

Question 8

what are the 4 levels of processing?

Answer 8

structural: remembering the physical features of words

phonemic: learnt by the sound of words

semantic: encoding through the meaning of words

encoding: the act of getting information into our memory system through automatic or effortful processing.

Question 9

what is structural processing?

Answer 9

structural: remembering the physical features of words

• structure = buildings = physical features
• “a” has a curve and a line
• shallow processing
• 20% OF WORDS WERE RECALLED AFTER STRUCTURAL ENCODING

Question 10

what is phonemic processing?

Answer 10

phonemic: learnt by the sound of words

• phono = phone = sound
• “ey” “ie” and “ee” sometimes have the same sound
• moderate processing
• 50% OF WORDS WERE RECALLED AFTER PHENOMIC ENCODING

Question 11

what is Semantic processing?

Answer 11

semantic: encoding through the meaning of words

• man ( add an “e”) = mean = meaning of words
• “apple”: the round fruit of a tree of the rose family, which typically has thin green or red skin and crisp flesh.
• deep processing
• 80% OF WORDS WERE RECALLED AFTER SEMANTIC ENCODING

Question 12

what is encoding?

Answer 12

encoding: the act of getting information into our memory system through automatic or effortful processing.

Question 13

the _____ the processing of information, the greater the chance of it being retrieved

Answer 13

deeper