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Pophealth > MOD 2- Lect 13-15 > Flashcards

MOD 2- Lect 13-15 Flashcards

1
Q

what are Causes of Causes

A

Individuals - any events characteristics or other entities that bring about a change for better or worse

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2
Q

downstream meaning

A

interventions operate at the proximal level eg treatment systems and disease management- lifestyle nutrition and smoking

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3
Q

Upstream meaning

A

interventions at macro level, government policies and international trade agreement- this CAN not be changed overnight

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4
Q

Dahlgren and WHitehead model (DWM) components

A

General socioeconomic cultural and environment conditions- living and working conditions
society and community network
Individual lifestyle factors

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5
Q

Decribe Level 1 of DWM

A

the individual
life values
learned behavior

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6
Q

Describe level 2 of DWM

A

Community ‘who you know’

influence friends - family

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7
Q

What are structural determinants of healthcare

A

social and physical environment conditions/ patterns (social determinants) that influence choices and opportunities available

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8
Q

What are Agency within healthcare

A

capacity of an individual to act intently and make free choices

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9
Q

What is individual healthcare

A

Clinicians deal with individuals aim to treat disease= restored health

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10
Q

What is population heath

A

concerned with groups of individuals and context of their environment

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11
Q

What is Causes of the problem

A

establishing casual relationship to provide evidence based practice
Determines the relationship of association between given exposure and disease outcomes in population

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12
Q

Can preventative action be before the cause is identified

A

YES

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13
Q

WHat is epidemiologies association with causal effect

A

suffient amount of studies which are diverse- limiting confounding and random error- to find the relationship between exposure and outcome

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14
Q

Describe Bradford hills framework ‘aid to thought’

A
  1. temporality
  2. strength of association
  3. consistency of A
  4. Biological gradient (dose response)
  5. Biological plausibility of A
  6. Specific of A
  7. Reversibility
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15
Q

Describe temporality

A

1st cause then disease- essential to establish causal relation
eg. smoking and lung deaths

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16
Q

Strength of Association

A

stronger an association the more likely to be absence of bias
eg: RR greater than 10

17
Q

Consistency of association

A

replication of finding in multiple studies

eg: multiple studies have shown similar results

18
Q

Biological grandient

A

Incremental change in diesease rate in conjuction with changes in exposure
eg as Exposure goes up so does diesease

19
Q

Specificity of Association

A

acknowledging

health issues have many causes and many outcomes share causes

20
Q

reversibility

A

demonstration that’s under controlled conditions changing exposure causes change in outcome

21
Q

what is a cause of a disease

A

Event condition characteristic which plays an essential role in producing the disease

22
Q

Sufficient cause

A

whole pie
minimum set of conditions without any one disease would not occur
not a single factor often 7

23
Q

Component Cause

A

a factor that contributes towards disease but is not sufficient to cause disease on its own

24
Q

Necessary cause

A

factor that must be present if a specific disease is to occur

25
Q

WHat is ROTHMANS casualty pie

A

given disease can be caused by more than 1 causal mechanism

every causal mechanism always has some environment component causes

26
Q

Effects of changing causal pie

A

clocking/ removing component= prevention of disease no need to identify all causes to prevent
INTERVENTION possible at anytime

27
Q

WHAT is Te PAE mahutonga 4 key tasks

A
  1. mauriora- access to te ao maori
  2. waiora- environmental protection
  3. toira- healthy lifestyle
  4. te oranga- participation in society
28
Q

WHAT is Te PAE mahutonga 2 prerequisites

A

Nga Marukura-

Te Mana Whakahaere

29
Q

Maori Health Benefits

A

Mainstream health have been less effective
Health population needs to determine determinants not just surface causes
One size does not fit all. as maori have different history/ social and cultural context

30
Q

Describe the structure of the Dahlgren and Whitehead model

A
  1. age, sex and constitutional factors
  2. Individual lifestyle factors
  3. Social and community networks
  4. general socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions
31
Q

N

A

N

32
Q

What is the Public/Population health framework aim to do

A

Provide maximum benefit to the largest number of people at the same time reducing inequities in distribution and wellbeing

33
Q

what is Nga Manukura

A

leadership, health professional and community leadership

34
Q

what is Te mana whakahaere

A

capacity for self governance

community control and enabling political environment

35
Q

What is the relationship between maori and mainstream health

A

Mainstream health is less effective for Maori

  • does not take in Maori social, histiral, cultural contents
  • MAori health may be applicable to whole population and have beneficial effects

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