lect 21- 22 Flashcards
Describe the components of sizing up pandemics
How transmissible
how server and unequal
how controllable
how certain is the information and how stable is the threat
describe how transmissible
reproduction number
describe how severe and unequal
case fatality risk and infection fatality risk
Looking at inequalities of pandemic and response
Describe how controllable
available interventions and effectiveness
feasibility of response
economic assessment
describe how certain is the information and how stable is the threat
availability and quality of information,
Describe all 3 pandemic response choices
No public health strategy
Control: reduce incidence/ prevalence
Eliminate: reduce to sero in country or region
What occurs during a CONTROL response to the epidemic
mitigate: avoid overwhelming health services
Suppress: reduce to low level to minimise health effects
What occurs during the Eliminate response to a epidemic
Eradicate
reduce to zero at global level
What is the definition of the reproductive number
mean number of infections directly generate by 1 case.
Reproduction infection over 1 means there is exponential increase
Describe the elimination strategy
exclusion of cases
- border management
Case and outbreak management
- testing/ contact tracing, isolation/quarantine
Preventing community transmission
hygiene measure, mask
physical distancing and travel restrictions
vaccinations
social safety net
wage subsidy scheme
protect vulnerable population who are exposed to unintended cons
how would success of pandemic response be seen
decrease in transmission
death rate compared to other countries
protection of economy
what is misinformation
false information the is spread regardless of intent to mislead
what is disinformation
deliberately misleading or biased information manipulated narrative or facts;
Propaganda
Maori health disparities can be seen in?
health outcome
exposure to determinants of health
health system responsiveness
representation in health workforce
Maori health
Examples of disparities can be seen in?
Unequal access to SDH.
• Cardiovascular disease.
• Cancer.
- Structural issues lead to inequities.
how can this be prevented
— providing more opportunities and reducing barriers.
Social issues lead to inequities.
how can this be prevented
rights-based approach, commitment to review and level playing field.
Not aimed at individual behaviour.
Describe the determinants of ethnic inequalities in health
- Differential access to health determinants or exposures leading to differences in disease
- Differential access to health care.
- Differences in quality of care received
What are drivers of health inequities
Structural contribution — power, resources and opportunities in NZ society are organised by ethnicity/class deprivation in NZ.
Values and assumptions are widely held in NZ society about the deservedness of different
groups of people.
Both of these powerful drivers have historical and contemporary underpinnings.
Describe a historical process that influenced maori health (Early contact)
- Early contact • Māori initially flourished economically and socially. • Beginning of complex changes. - Official engagement
Describe a historical process that influenced maori health (Colonisation)
Colonisation, Declaration of Independence,
Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealand.
• Herald of an era of depopulation, disease and
dispossession.
Describe a historical process that influenced maori health (post Colonisation)
Colonisation • Not value-free. • Assumptions held by colonisers. • Notions of superior and inferior peoples - Societal barriers still obvious today
Describe the implications of the treaty of waitangi
- Different or denied citizenship — Article III • Old-age pensions 1898 - Equal provisions for Māori and pakeha. - Asian excluded. - Māori access difficult — through Māori land court. - Māori regularly removed from rolls. - Reduced amount paid to Māori. • Social Security Act 1938 - Underpayment continued after WWII.
Maori’s relationship with health. Inequalities between maori and nonmaori
- Policy alienation.
- Land alienation:
Social disruption of community.
• Breakdown of political power and alliances.
• Economic resource depletion and poverty.
• Resentment by indigenous peoples.
